Retrofit的优点
- 可以配置不同HTTP client来实现网络请求,如okhttp、httpclient等
- 将接口的定义与使用分离开来,实现结构。
- 支持多种返回数据解析的Converter可以快速进行数据转换。
- 和RxJava集成的很好
- 因为容易和RxJava结合使用,所以对于异步请求,同步请求也不需要做额外的工作。
- Retrofit是基于OKHttp
简单使用
配置依赖
在module的build.gradle中添加
// Retrofit
api "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.3.0"
api "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.3.0"
api "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.3.0"
// OkHttp3
api "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.10.0"
api "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.10.0"
// RxJava2
api "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.9"
api "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.2"
// RxLifecycle
api "com.trello.rxlifecycle2:rxlifecycle:2.2.1"
api "com.trello.rxlifecycle2:rxlifecycle-android:2.2.1"
api "com.trello.rxlifecycle2:rxlifecycle-components:2.2.1"
定义Retrofit单例
在Application中初始化Retrofit,因为一个Retrofit对象本身就包含一个线程池,所以我们可以初始化一个Retrofit对象,并将其做成一个全局单例对象
/**
* Retrofit单例管理
* Created by Leon.W on 2019/4/28
*/
public class RetrofitManager {
private final String BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com";
private static RetrofitManager sInstance;
private Retrofit mRetrofit;
public static RetrofitManager getInstance() {
if (null == sInstance) {
synchronized (RetrofitManager.class) {
if (null == sInstance) {
sInstance = new RetrofitManager();
}
}
}
return sInstance;
}
public void init() {
if(mRetrofit == null) {
//初始化一个OkHttpClient
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(30000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.readTimeout(30000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.writeTimeout(30000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
builder.addInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor());
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = builder.build();
//使用该OkHttpClient创建一个Retrofit对象
mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
//添加Gson数据格式转换器支持
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
//添加RxJava语言支持
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create())
//指定网络请求client
.client(okHttpClient)
.baseUrl(BASE_URL)
.build();
}
}
public Retrofit getRetrofit() {
if(mRetrofit == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Retrofit instance hasn't init!");
}
return mRetrofit;
}
}
定义ApiService
//ApiService.java
public interface ApiService {
@GET("/TP_S/BookList")
Observable> queryBookList();
}
定义接口方法实现方法
//GithubAPI.java
public class GithubAPI {
Observable queryJakeWhartonInfo() {
return RetrofitManager.getInstance().getRetrofit()
//动态代理创建GithubAPI对象
.create(ApiService.class)
.queryJakeWhartonInfo()
//指定上游发送事件线程
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.computation())
//指定下游接收事件线程
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread());
}
}
定义返回数据实体类
public class GithubUserInfo {
String login,url,name,company;
int id,public_repos,followers;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "GithubUserInfo{" +
"login='" + login + '\'' +
", url='" + url + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", company='" + company + '\'' +
", id=" + id +
", public_repos=" + public_repos +
", followers=" + followers +
'}';
}
}
调用接口
new GithubAPI().queryJakeWhartonInfo().subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(GithubUserInfo githubUserInfo) {
Log.d(TAG,githubUserInfo.toString());
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e(TAG,e.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
}
});
>>>输出:
D/TestRetrofit: GithubUserInfo{login='JakeWharton', url='https://api.github.com/users/JakeWharton', name='Jake Wharton', company='Google, Inc.', id=66577, public_repos=102, followers=52467}
异常处理
请求过程中的异常一般分为2种类型,一种是类似网络异常、服务器这种环境问题;另一种比如请求参数错误、登录超时、Token失效等异常。分别做如下处理
环境问题
环境异常诸如404、500、502等服务器状态异常,或者设备本身网路异常造成的,这种时候的Exception会在onError方法中得到响应。
数据问题
数据问题诸如请求参数异常、对象为空、登录超时等数据相关异常,这种情况Response还是会走onNext方法,只是我们需要在里面根据自定义的code,来处理各种数据异常。
下面是一个具体的基础Observer类,在其onNext中解析
一般服务器接口返回数据会约定一个简单的格式:
{
code:int,
msg:String,
data:{} //可能是对象,有可能是数组data:[]
}
对应的建议解析类,一般当接口返回先解析其code是否为成功,如果不是,那看看是否是特定的错误码,把错误码code和错误信息msg包装成一个自定义的Exception进行处理。如果成功,则对返回结果进行进一步的解析,针对不同的接口解析成“对象”或者“数组”。
//JsonBase.java,解析code和msg
public class JsonBase implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6182189632617616248L;
@SerializedName("msg")
private String msg;
private int code = -1;
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
//JsonArrayBase.java,解析数组类型
public class JsonArrayBase extends JsonBase {
@SerializedName("data")
List data;
public List getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(List data) {
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i< data.size(); i++) {
sb.append(data.get(i).toString());
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
//JsonObjBase.java,解析对象类型
public class JsonObjBase extends JsonBase {
@SerializedName("data")
T data;
public T getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(T data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
基础Observer,用于处理数据异常(即code不是SUCC的情况);网络异常(在onError方法中进行toast提示),具体使用界面可以通过重写onError来得到回调(比如分页加载失败,需要隐藏加载进度条,此时需要得到失败回调)
//BaseObserver.java
public abstract class BaseObserver implements Observer {
private String TAG = "BaseObserver";
@Override
public void onNext(T t) {
if (t == null) {
onError(HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ, getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ));
} else {
onSuccess(t);
}
}
/**
* 外部想要处理异常(比如分页加载失败,需要隐藏加载中效果)时,可以重写该方法
*/
public void onError(int errorCode, String message) {
}
/**
* 外部重写,接受数据
* @param t
*/
public abstract void onSuccess(T t);
/**
* 不显示服务器返回错误信息(部分接口返回不规范)
*/
public boolean isShowErrorToast() {
return true;
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
int errorCode = -1;
String errMsg = "";
//自定义异常
if (e instanceof MyException) {
MyException exception = (MyException) e;
errorCode = exception.getErrorCode();
errMsg = exception.getMessage();
handleIybErrorCode(errorCode);
if (isShowErrorToast()) {
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), errMsg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else if (e instanceof NullPointerException) { // RxJava2 发送值为null时,不执行 onNext,直接走 onError
errorCode = HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ;
errMsg = getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ);
} else if (e instanceof SocketTimeoutException) {
errorCode = HttpCode.ERROR_TIMEOUT;
errMsg = getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_TIMEOUT);
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), errMsg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else if (e instanceof NetworkErrorException) {
errorCode = HttpCode.ERROR_NETWORK;
errMsg = getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_NETWORK);
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), errMsg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else if (e instanceof HttpException) {
HttpException httpException = (HttpException) e;
errMsg = httpException != null ? httpException.getMessage() : getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_SERVER_EXCEPTION);
int httpErrorCode = httpException != null ? httpException.code() : HttpCode.ERROR_UNKNOWN;
Log.d(TAG, "Http request error:" + "message=" + errMsg + " :::: " + "httpErrorCode=" + httpErrorCode);
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_SERVER_EXCEPTION),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); // 统一提示服务器异常
} else {
errMsg = e != null ? e.getMessage() : getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_UNKNOWN);
}
onError(errorCode, errMsg);
}
/**
* 处理数据异常code
* @param errorCode
*/
private void handleIybErrorCode(int errorCode) {
if (errorCode == HttpCode.ERROR_ALREADY_REGISTER) {
//已注册处理逻辑
} else if (errorCode == HttpCode.ERROR_LOGIN_EXPIRED ) {
//登录超时处理逻辑
}
}
private String getErrorMessage(int errorCode) {
String message = HttpCode.ERRORS.get(errorCode);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(message)) {
message = HttpCode.ERRORS.get(HttpCode.ERROR_UNKNOWN);
}
return message;
}
}
public abstract class BaseObserver implements Observer {
private String TAG = "BaseObserver";
@Override
public void onNext(T t) {
if (t == null) {
onError(HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ, getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ));
} else {
onSuccess(t);
}
}
/**外部想要处理异常时(比如分页加载失败,需要隐藏加载中效果),可以重写该方法*/
public void onError(int errorCode, String message) {
}
public abstract void onSuccess(T t);
/** 不显示服务器返回错误信息(部分接口返回不规范) */
public boolean isShowErrorToast() {
return true;
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
int errorCode = -1;
String errMsg = "";
//自定义异常
if (e instanceof MyException) {
MyException exception = (MyException) e;
errorCode = exception.getErrorCode();
errMsg = exception.getMessage();
handleErrorCode(errorCode);
if (isShowErrorToast()) {
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), errMsg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else if (e instanceof NullPointerException) { // RxJava2 发送值为null时,不执行 onNext,直接走 onError
errorCode = HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ;
errMsg = getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ);
} else if (e instanceof SocketTimeoutException) {
errorCode = HttpCode.ERROR_TIMEOUT;
errMsg = getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_TIMEOUT);
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), errMsg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else if (e instanceof NetworkErrorException) {
errorCode = HttpCode.ERROR_NETWORK;
errMsg = getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_NETWORK);
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), errMsg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else if (e instanceof HttpException) {
HttpException httpException = (HttpException) e;
errMsg = httpException != null ? httpException.getMessage() : getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_SERVER_EXCEPTION);
int httpErrorCode = httpException != null ? httpException.code() : HttpCode.ERROR_UNKNOWN;
Log.d(TAG, "Http request error:" + "message=" + errMsg + " :::: " + "httpErrorCode=" + httpErrorCode);
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_SERVER_EXCEPTION),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); // 统一提示服务器异常
} else {
errMsg = e != null ? e.getMessage() : getErrorMessage(HttpCode.ERROR_UNKNOWN);
Toast.makeText(TestAPP.getInstance().getApplicationContext(), e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); // 统一提示服务器异常
}
onError(errorCode, errMsg);
}
/**
* 处理数据异常code
* @param errorCode
*/
private void handleErrorCode(int errorCode) {
if (errorCode == HttpCode.ERROR_ALREADY_REGISTER) {
//已注册处理逻辑
} else if (errorCode == HttpCode.ERROR_LOGIN_EXPIRED ) {
//登录超时处理逻辑
}
}
private String getErrorMessage(int errorCode) {
String message = HttpCode.ERRORS.get(errorCode);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(message)) {
message = HttpCode.ERRORS.get(HttpCode.ERROR_UNKNOWN);
}
return message;
}
}
//MyException.java
public class MyException extends Exception {
private int mErrorCode;
private String mMessage;
public MyException(int errorCode, String message) {
super();
mErrorCode = errorCode;
mMessage = message;
}
public int getErrorCode() {
return mErrorCode;
}
public void setErrorCode(int mErrorCode) {
this.mErrorCode = mErrorCode;
}
public String getMessage() {
return mMessage;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.mMessage = message;
}
}
public class HttpCode {
public static final int ERROR_UNKNOWN = -1;
public static final int ERROR_SUCCESS = 0;
// 1000~1099 自定义错误码
public static final int ERROR_NETWORK = 1000;
public static final int ERROR_TIMEOUT = 1001;
public static final int ERROR_SERVER_EXCEPTION = 1002;
public static final int ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ = 1011;
public static final int ERROR_ALREADY_REGISTER = 100001; // 已经注册过
public static final int ERROR_LOGIN_EXPIRED = 100002; // 登录cookie超时,需要重新登录
public static final SparseArray ERRORS = new SparseArray<>();
static {
ERRORS.append(ERROR_UNKNOWN, "未知错误");
ERRORS.append(ERROR_SUCCESS, "请求成功");
ERRORS.append(ERROR_NETWORK, "网络错误");
ERRORS.append(ERROR_TIMEOUT, "连接超时");
ERRORS.append(ERROR_SERVER_EXCEPTION, "服务器异常");
ERRORS.append(ERROR_ALREADY_REGISTER, "您的手机号已经注册过i云保帐号");
ERRORS.append(ERROR_LOGIN_EXPIRED, "登录超时,需要重新登录");
ERRORS.append(ERROR_EMPTY_OBJ, "返回对象为空!");
}
}
生命周期绑定
有时我们关闭一个页面时,希望该页面上正在进行以及准备开始进行的请求能够及时关闭、取消掉。以免造成内存溢出或空指针异常等问题。此时就需要将请求与页面的生命周期相关联。因为Retrofit和RxJava2集成,由RxJava2控制上下游的时间分发,所以处理RxJava2的生命周期问题就是处理Retrofit请求的声明周期问题。可以看到在上面的”依赖配置“段落中导入了三个rxlifiecycle相关的依赖,其中rxliftcycle-components包含我们将要使用到的RxAppCompatActivity,而他有依赖另外两个依赖,可以查看RxAppCompatActivity的源码验证:
//RxAppCompatActivity.java
import com.trello.rxlifecycle2.LifecycleProvider;
import com.trello.rxlifecycle2.LifecycleTransformer;
//来自基础包rxlifecycle
import com.trello.rxlifecycle2.RxLifecycle;
//来自android包rxlifecycle-android
import com.trello.rxlifecycle2.android.ActivityEvent;
//来自android包rxlifecycle-android
import com.trello.rxlifecycle2.android.RxLifecycleAndroid;
import io.reactivex.Observable;
import io.reactivex.subjects.BehaviorSubject;
public abstract class RxAppCompatActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LifecycleProvider {
......
}
下面开始声明周期相关的Demo,演示一下未绑定页面生命周期导致内存溢出的问题,假设有一个Activity中有一个operator每隔1秒发送一个事件:
public class TestMemLeakActivity extends Activity {
private String TAG = "TestMemLeak";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.rx_act_test_leak);
Observable.interval(1000l, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.computation())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(Long aLong) {
Log.d(TAG,aLong + "");
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG,e.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG,"onComplete");
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG,"onDestory------");
}
}
>>>输出:
04-29 19:38:00.102 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 0
04-29 19:38:01.101 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 1
04-29 19:38:02.101 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 2
04-29 19:38:03.102 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 3
04-29 19:38:04.102 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 4
04-29 19:38:05.102 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 5
04-29 19:38:05.110 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: onDestory------
04-29 19:38:06.105 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 6
04-29 19:38:07.102 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 7
04-29 19:38:08.102 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 8
04-29 19:38:09.102 18964-18964/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 9
从Log可以看出,TestMemLeakActivity关闭调用onDestory()之后,事件没有随着界面关闭而停止发送,这样会导致Activity无法回收,进而导致内存泄露。下面使用RxAppCompatActivity进行将RxJava绑定到Activity的声明周期。
//1.继承自RxAppCompatActivity
public class TestMemLeakActivity extends RxAppCompatActivity {
private String TAG = "TestMemLeak";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.rx_act_test_leak);
Observable.interval(1000l, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.computation())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
//2.绑定声明周期
.compose(this.bindToLifecycle())
.subscribe(new Observer() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(Long aLong) {
Log.d(TAG,aLong + "");
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d(TAG,e.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
Log.d(TAG,"onComplete");
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG,"onDestory------");
}
}
>>>输出:
04-29 19:41:41.254 20080-20080/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 0
04-29 19:41:42.254 20080-20080/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 1
04-29 19:41:43.254 20080-20080/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 2
04-29 19:41:44.253 20080-20080/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: 3
04-29 19:41:44.762 20080-20080/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: onComplete
04-29 19:41:44.762 20080-20080/com.ebm.rxjava D/TestMemLeak: onDestory------
从上面的Log可以看出,界面关闭之前先发送了onComplete事件,关闭了事件流的发送。