Http协议学习资料
RFCS
https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html
http1.0: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt
http1.1: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230
RFC - Draft Standard (June 1999; Errata)
Obsoleted by RFC 7231, RFC 7230, RFC 7233, RFC 7232, RFC 7234, RFC 7235
Updated by RFC 5785, RFC 6585, RFC 6266, RFC 2817
Obsoletes RFC 2068
http2:
https://http2.github.io/
http://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7540.html
http://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7541.html
cookie:
HTTP State Management Mechanism:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt
Methods
+---------+------+------------+---------------+
| Method | Safe | Idempotent | Reference |
+---------+------+------------+---------------+
| CONNECT | no | no | Section 4.3.6 |
| DELETE | no | yes | Section 4.3.5 |
| GET | yes | yes | Section 4.3.1 |
| HEAD | yes | yes | Section 4.3.2 |
| OPTIONS | yes | yes | Section 4.3.7 |
| POST | no | no | Section 4.3.3 |
| PUT | no | yes | Section 4.3.4 |
| TRACE | yes | yes | Section 4.3.8 |
+---------+------+------------+———————+
response codes:
+------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+
| Code | Reason-Phrase | Defined in... |
+------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+
| 100 | Continue | Section 6.2.1 |
| 101 | Switching Protocols | Section 6.2.2 |
| 200 | OK | Section 6.3.1 |
| 201 | Created | Section 6.3.2 |
| 202 | Accepted | Section 6.3.3 |
| 203 | Non-Authoritative Information | Section 6.3.4 |
| 204 | No Content | Section 6.3.5 |
| 205 | Reset Content | Section 6.3.6 |
| 206 | Partial Content | Section 4.1 of [RFC7233] |
| 300 | Multiple Choices | Section 6.4.1 |
| 301 | Moved Permanently | Section 6.4.2 |
| 302 | Found | Section 6.4.3 |
| 303 | See Other | Section 6.4.4 |
| 304 | Not Modified | Section 4.1 of [RFC7232] |
| 305 | Use Proxy | Section 6.4.5 |
| 307 | Temporary Redirect | Section 6.4.7 |
| 400 | Bad Request | Section 6.5.1 |
| 401 | Unauthorized | Section 3.1 of [RFC7235] |
| 402 | Payment Required | Section 6.5.2 |
| 403 | Forbidden | Section 6.5.3 |
| 404 | Not Found | Section 6.5.4 |
| 405 | Method Not Allowed | Section 6.5.5 |
| 406 | Not Acceptable | Section 6.5.6 |
| 407 | Proxy Authentication Required | Section 3.2 of [RFC7235] |
| 408 | Request Timeout | Section 6.5.7 |
| 409 | Conflict | Section 6.5.8 |
| 410 | Gone | Section 6.5.9 |
| 411 | Length Required | Section 6.5.10 |
| 412 | Precondition Failed | Section 4.2 of [RFC7232] |
| 413 | Payload Too Large | Section 6.5.11 |
| 414 | URI Too Long | Section 6.5.12 |
| 415 | Unsupported Media Type | Section 6.5.13 |
| 416 | Range Not Satisfiable | Section 4.4 of [RFC7233] |
| 417 | Expectation Failed | Section 6.5.14 |
| 426 | Upgrade Required | Section 6.5.15 |
| 500 | Internal Server Error | Section 6.6.1 |
| 501 | Not Implemented | Section 6.6.2 |
| 502 | Bad Gateway | Section 6.6.3 |
| 503 | Service Unavailable | Section 6.6.4 |
| 504 | Gateway Timeout | Section 6.6.5 |
| 505 | HTTP Version Not Supported | Section 6.6.6 |
+------+-------------------------------+—————————————+
Headers
+-------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Header Field Name | Protocol | Status | Reference |
+-------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Accept | http | standard | Section 5.3.2 |
| Accept-Charset | http | standard | Section 5.3.3 |
| Accept-Encoding | http | standard | Section 5.3.4 |
| Accept-Language | http | standard | Section 5.3.5 |
| Allow | http | standard | Section 7.4.1 |
| Content-Encoding | http | standard | Section 3.1.2.2 |
| Content-Language | http | standard | Section 3.1.3.2 |
| Content-Location | http | standard | Section 3.1.4.2 |
| Content-Type | http | standard | Section 3.1.1.5 |
| Date | http | standard | Section 7.1.1.2 |
| Expect | http | standard | Section 5.1.1 |
| From | http | standard | Section 5.5.1 |
| Location | http | standard | Section 7.1.2 |
| Max-Forwards | http | standard | Section 5.1.2 |
| MIME-Version | http | standard | Appendix A.1 |
| Referer | http | standard | Section 5.5.2 |
| Retry-After | http | standard | Section 7.1.3 |
| Server | http | standard | Section 7.4.2 |
| User-Agent | http | standard | Section 5.5.3 |
| Vary | http | standard | Section 7.1.4 |
+-------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
Cookies
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7234/?include_text=1
Cookie:
set-cookie = "Set-Cookie:" cookies
cookies = 1#cookie
cookie = NAME "=" VALUE *(";" cookie-av)
NAME = attr
VALUE = value
cookie-av = "Comment" "=" value
| "Domain" "=" value
| "Max-Age" "=" value
| "Path" "=" value
| "Secure"
| "Version" "=" 1*DIGIT
+------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Cache Directive | Reference |
+------------------------+----------------------------------+
| max-age | Section 5.2.1.1, Section 5.2.2.8 |
| max-stale | Section 5.2.1.2 |
| min-fresh | Section 5.2.1.3 |
| must-revalidate | Section 5.2.2.1 |
| no-cache | Section 5.2.1.4, Section 5.2.2.2 |
| no-store | Section 5.2.1.5, Section 5.2.2.3 |
| no-transform | Section 5.2.1.6, Section 5.2.2.4 |
| only-if-cached | Section 5.2.1.7 |
| private | Section 5.2.2.6 |
| proxy-revalidate | Section 5.2.2.7 |
| public | Section 5.2.2.5 |
| s-maxage | Section 5.2.2.9 |
| stale-if-error | [RFC5861], Section 4 |
| stale-while-revalidate | [RFC5861], Section 3 |
+------------------------+----------------------------------+
HTTP1.1和HTTP1.0的区别
http://blog.csdn.net/codenerd/article/details/4222594
1.1 新特性
- keep-alive
- chunk 编码
size\r\n
Size of contents
1D\r\n
I’m as helpless as a kitten u
9\r\n
P a tree.
0\r\n - transfer-encoding
Authentication
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7235/
+---------------------+--------------------------+
| Header Field Name | Defined in... |
+---------------------+--------------------------+
| Authorization | Section 4.2 of [RFC7235] |
| Proxy-Authorization | Section 4.4 of [RFC7235] |
+---------------------+--------------------------+
Post Form
form uploads:
enc-type:
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
multipart/form-data：
text/plain：
https://www.cnblogs.com/hua2015/p/5066247.html
GET Max url size:
nginx: 4k
apache: 8k
https://www.cnblogs.com/cuihongyu3503319/p/5892257.html
HTTP:
https://www.cnblogs.com/li0803/archive/2008/11/03/1324746.html
https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/http.html#Connector_Comparison
http://www.jianshu.com/p/806918ee137e
References
http2 demo sites
http://www.http2demo.io/
https://http2.akamai.com/demo
https://http2.golang.org/
tools
https://blog.cloudflare.com/tools-for-debugging-testing-and-using-http-2/
h2c
https://github.com/fstab/h2c