Centos7 Apache配置虚拟主机的三种方式

一、虚机主机的三种方式

1、基于IP

2、基于IP+端口

3、基于域名

官网文档：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/

二、安装Apache

1、系统环境

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
[root@localhost ~]# ip ad
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
       valid_lft 1388sec preferred_lft 1388sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2、yum安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd
*****
======================================================================================================================================================
 Package                             架构                           版本                                           源                            大小
======================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 httpd                               x86_64                         2.4.6-80.el7.centos                            base                         2.7 M
为依赖而安装:
 apr                                 x86_64                         1.4.8-3.el7_4.1                                base                         103 k
 apr-util                            x86_64                         1.5.2-6.el7                                    base                          92 k
 httpd-tools                         x86_64                         2.4.6-80.el7.centos                            base                          89 k
 mailcap                             noarch                         2.1.41-2.el7                                   base                          31 k
***
已安装:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos                                                                                                                  

作为依赖被安装:
  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1     apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7     httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos     mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7    

完毕！

可以查看安装了内容

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd | less

3、配置Selinux文件，SELINUX=disabled。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

或者临时关闭

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

4、关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

5、启动httpd服务，访问测试

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

三、修改主配置文件

1、查看apache主配置文件，确保存在以下配置，因为等下需要在conf.d/创建虚机主机配置。

[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

2、另外，把 Require all denied默认拒绝访问设置为允许访问： Require all granted，方便测试。

    AllowOverride none
#  Require all denied
    Require all granted

四、新增虚拟主机配置文件

1、添加基于多个IP的虚拟主机

1）创建配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

        ServerName a.com
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"    #网页路径



        ServerName b.com
        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"    #网页路径

2）网卡绑定多个IP（我的网卡名是eno16777736，不是eth0）

[root@localhost conf.d]# ip addr add 192.168.253.129 dev eno16777736
[root@localhost conf.d]# ip add
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
       valid_lft 1542sec preferred_lft 1542sec
    inet 192.168.253.129/32 scope global eno16777736
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面

[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

Hello,a.com

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

Hello,b.com

4）检查配置文件是否正常

[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK

5）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

6）打开浏览器，查看结果

2、配置基于IP+端口的虚拟主机

1）创建配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

        ServerName a.com
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"



        ServerName b.com
        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"

2）修改httpd主配置文件，在Listen 80下面添加一行监控8080端口

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Listen 8080

3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）

[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

Hello,a.com

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

Hello,b.com

4）检查配置文件

[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK

5）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

6）打开浏览器，查看结果

3、基于域名的虚拟主机

1）创建配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

        ServerName a.com
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"



        ServerName b.com
        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"

2）修改物理主机hosts文件（C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc），因为这里是因为物理机去访问Apache服务器

添加：

192.168.253.128 a.com

192.168.253.128 b.com

3）物理主机ping域名测试

4）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）

[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

Hello,a.com

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

Hello,b.com

5）检查配置文件

[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK

6）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

7）打开浏览器，查看结果

五、扩展虚机主机配置文件

1、先修改回apache主配置文件，设置 Require all denied默认拒绝访问

    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied

这时候再去访问以上的三种配置虚机主机，会全部访问不了。因此需要针对虚机目录设置访问权限。

2、修改虚拟主机配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

        #绑定的主域
        ServerName a.com
        #绑定的子域名
        ServerAlias www.test.com
        #网站主目录
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
        #错误日志目录
        ErrorLog  "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
        #访问日志目录
       CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"

        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        #允许任意访问
        Require all granted

3、创建日志目录

[root@localhost b.com]# cd /var/log/httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# mkdir a.com
[root@localhost httpd]# ll
总用量 60
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 37976 1月  23 22:26 access_log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     6 1月  23 22:41 a.com
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17795 1月  23 22:38 error_log
[root@localhost httpd]# cd a.com/
[root@localhost a.com]# touch error.log
[root@localhost a.com]# touch access.log

日志目录记得更改属主和属组为Apache，否则httpd启动失败

[root@localhost httpd]# chown -R apache:apache a.com/

4、配置指定IP可以访问虚拟主机（可以单个IP，也可以是一个网段）

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf

        #绑定的主域
        ServerName a.com
        #绑定的子域名
        ServerAlias www.test.com
        #网站主目录
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
        #错误日志目录
        ErrorLog  "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
        #访问日志目录
       CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"

        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        #允许任意访问
        Require ip 192.168.253.0/24

5、配置指定用户可以访问虚拟主机

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf

        #绑定的主域
        ServerName a.com
        #绑定的子域名
        ServerAlias www.test.com
        #网站主目录
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
        #错误日志目录
        ErrorLog  "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
        #访问日志目录
        CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"

        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride authconfig
        AuthType basic
        AuthName "Restrict area"
        AuthUserFile "etc/httpd/.htpasswd"
        Require valid-user

创建用户文件，第一次创建的时候要加-c，以后创建都不用加-c，否则会覆盖原数据

[root@localhost conf.d]# pwd
/etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -h
htpasswd: illegal option -- h
Usage:
	htpasswd [-cimBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username
	htpasswd -b[cmBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username password

	htpasswd -n[imBdps] [-C cost] username
	htpasswd -nb[mBdps] [-C cost] username password
 -c  Create a new file.
 -n  Don't update file; display results on stdout.
 -b  Use the password from the command line rather than prompting for it.
 -i  Read password from stdin without verification (for script usage).
 -m  Force MD5 encryption of the password (default).
 -B  Force bcrypt encryption of the password (very secure).
 -C  Set the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm
     (higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).
 -d  Force CRYPT encryption of the password (8 chars max, insecure).
 -s  Force SHA encryption of the password (insecure).
 -p  Do not encrypt the password (plaintext, insecure).
 -D  Delete the specified user.
 -v  Verify password for the specified user.
On other systems than Windows and NetWare the '-p' flag will probably not work.
The SHA algorithm does not use a salt and is less secure than the MD5 algorithm.
[root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/.htpasswd tom
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user tom

重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

在浏览器测试登录

6、Require参考

Require all granted
无条件允许访问。
Require all denied
访问被无条件拒绝。
Require env env-var [env-var] ...
只有在给定的环境变量之一被设置的情况下才允许访问。
Require method http-method [http-method] ...
只有给定的HTTP方法才允许访问。
Require expr expression
如果表达式计算结果为true，则允许访问。
Require user userid [userid] ...
只有指定的用户才能访问资源。
Require group group-name [group-name] ...
只有指定组中的用户才能访问资源。
Require valid-user
所有有效的用户都可以访问资源。
Require ip 10 172.20 192.168.2
指定IP地址范围内的客户端可以访问资源。

7、Options

None:不支持任何选项

Indexes：允许索引目录

FollowSymLinks：允许访问符号链接指向的原文件

Includes：允许执行服务端包含（SSI）

ExecCGI：允许允许CGI脚本

ALL：支持所有选项