2018 年,Android 圈发生了许多翻天覆地的变化,尤其是在 Android 网络方面。稳定版本的 Kotlin 协程的发布极大地推动了 Android 在处理多线程方面从 RxJava 到 Kotlin 协程的发展。 本文中,我们将讨论在 Android 中使用 Retrofit2 和 Kotlin 协程 进行网络 API 调用。我们将调用 TMDB API 来获取热门电影列表。
如果你在 Android 网络方面有经验并且在使用 Retrofit 之前进行过网络调用,但可能使用的是 RxJava 而不是 Kotlin 协程。
简而言之,Android 网络或者任何网络的工作方式如下:
Android 中,我们使用:
显然这些只是一些热门的库,也有其他类似的库。此外这些库都是由 Square 公司 的牛人开发的。
Movie Database(TMDb)API 包含所有热门的、即将上映的、正在上映的电影和电视节目列表。这也是最流行的 API 之一。
TMDB API 需要 API 密钥才能请求。为此:
获取 API 密钥后,按照下述步骤将其在 VCS 中隐藏。
//In local.properties
tmdb_api_key = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
//In build.gradle (Module: app)
buildTypes.each {
Properties properties = new Properties()
properties.load(project.rootProject.file("local.properties").newDataInputStream())
def tmdbApiKey = properties.getProperty("tmdb_api_key", "")
it.buildConfigField 'String', "TMDB_API_KEY", tmdbApiKey
it.resValue 'string', "api_key", tmdbApiKey
}
//In your Constants File
var tmdbApiKey = BuildConfig.TMDB_API_KEY
为了设置项目,我们首先会将所有必需的依赖项添加到 build.gradle (Module: app) 文件中:
// build.gradle(Module: app)
dependencies {
def moshiVersion="1.8.0"
def retrofit2_version = "2.5.0"
def okhttp3_version = "3.12.0"
def kotlinCoroutineVersion = "1.0.1"
def picassoVersion = "2.71828"
//Moshi
implementation "com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin:$moshiVersion"
kapt "com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin-codegen:$moshiVersion"
//Retrofit2
implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofit2_version"
implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:$retrofit2_version"
implementation "com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-kotlin-coroutines-adapter:0.9.2"
//Okhttp3
implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:$okhttp3_version"
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.11.0'
//Picasso for Image Loading
implementation ("com.squareup.picasso:picasso:$picassoVersion"){
exclude group: "com.android.support"
}
//Kotlin Coroutines
implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:$kotlinCoroutineVersion"
implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$kotlinCoroutineVersion"
}
//ApiFactory to create TMDB Api
object Apifactory{
//Creating Auth Interceptor to add api_key query in front of all the requests.
private val authInterceptor = Interceptor {chain->
val newUrl = chain.request().url()
.newBuilder()
.addQueryParameter("api_key", AppConstants.tmdbApiKey)
.build()
val newRequest = chain.request()
.newBuilder()
.url(newUrl)
.build()
chain.proceed(newRequest)
}
//OkhttpClient for building http request url
private val tmdbClient = OkHttpClient().newBuilder()
.addInterceptor(authInterceptor)
.build()
fun retrofit() : Retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
.client(tmdbClient)
.baseUrl("https://api.themoviedb.org/3/")
.addConverterFactory(MoshiConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(CoroutineCallAdapterFactory())
.build()
val tmdbApi : TmdbApi = retrofit().create(TmdbApi::class.java)
}
看一下我们在 ApiFactory.kt 文件中做了什么。
CallAdapter.Factory
,用于处理 Kotlin 协程中的 Deferred
。调用 /movie/popular 接口我们得到了如下响应。该响应中返回了 results,这是一个 movie 对象的数组。这正是我们关注的地方。
{
"page": 1,
"total_results": 19848,
"total_pages": 993,
"results": [
{
"vote_count": 2109,
"id": 297802,
"video": false,
"vote_average": 6.9,
"title": "Aquaman",
"popularity": 497.334,
"poster_path": "/5Kg76ldv7VxeX9YlcQXiowHgdX6.jpg",
"original_language": "en",
"original_title": "Aquaman",
"genre_ids": [
28,
14,
878,
12
],
"backdrop_path": "/5A2bMlLfJrAfX9bqAibOL2gCruF.jpg",
"adult": false,
"overview": "Arthur Curry learns that he is the heir to the underwater kingdom of Atlantis, and must step forward to lead his people and be a hero to the world.",
"release_date": "2018-12-07"
},
{
"vote_count": 625,
"id": 424783,
"video": false,
"vote_average": 6.6,
"title": "Bumblebee",
"popularity": 316.098,
"poster_path": "/fw02ONlDhrYjTSZV8XO6hhU3ds3.jpg",
"original_language": "en",
"original_title": "Bumblebee",
"genre_ids": [
28,
12,
878
],
"backdrop_path": "/8bZ7guF94ZyCzi7MLHzXz6E5Lv8.jpg",
"adult": false,
"overview": "On the run in the year 1987, Bumblebee finds refuge in a junkyard in a small Californian beach town. Charlie, on the cusp of turning 18 and trying to find her place in the world, discovers Bumblebee, battle-scarred and broken. When Charlie revives him, she quickly learns this is no ordinary yellow VW bug.",
"release_date": "2018-12-15"
}
]
}
因此现在我们可以根据该 JSON 创建我们的 Movie 数据类和 MovieResponse 类。
// Data Model for TMDB Movie item
data class TmdbMovie(
val id: Int,
val vote_average: Double,
val title: String,
val overview: String,
val adult: Boolean
)
// Data Model for the Response returned from the TMDB Api
data class TmdbMovieResponse(
val results: List
)
//A retrofit Network Interface for the Api
interface TmdbApi{
@GET("movie/popular")
fun getPopularMovie(): Deferred>
}
创建了数据类后,我们创建 TmdbApi 接口,在前面的小节中我们已经将其引用添加至 retrofit 构建器中。在该接口中,我们添加了所有必需的 API 调用,如有必要,可以给这些调用添加任意参数。例如,为了能够根据 id 获取一部电影,我们在接口中添加了如下方法:
interface TmdbApi{
@GET("movie/popular")
fun getPopularMovies() : Deferred>
@GET("movie/{id}")
fun getMovieById(@Path("id") id:Int): Deferred>
}
接着,我们最终发出一个用以获取所需数据的请求,我们可以在 DataRepository 或者 ViewModel 或者直接在 Activity 中进行此调用。
这是用来处理网络响应的类。它可能成功返回所需的数据,也可能发生异常而出错。
sealed class Result {
data class Success(val data: T) : Result()
data class Error(val exception: Exception) : Result()
}
open class BaseRepository{
suspend fun safeApiCall(call: suspend () -> Response, errorMessage: String): T? {
val result : Result = safeApiResult(call,errorMessage)
var data : T? = null
when(result) {
is Result.Success ->
data = result.data
is Result.Error -> {
Log.d("1.DataRepository", "$errorMessage & Exception - ${result.exception}")
}
}
return data
}
private suspend fun safeApiResult(call: suspend ()-> Response, errorMessage: String) : Result{
val response = call.invoke()
if(response.isSuccessful) return Result.Success(response.body()!!)
return Result.Error(IOException("Error Occurred during getting safe Api result, Custom ERROR - $errorMessage"))
}
}
class MovieRepository(private val api : TmdbApi) : BaseRepository() {
fun getPopularMovies() : MutableList?{
//safeApiCall is defined in BaseRepository.kt (https://gist.github.com/navi25/67176730f5595b3f1fb5095062a92f15)
val movieResponse = safeApiCall(
call = {api.getPopularMovie().await()},
errorMessage = "Error Fetching Popular Movies"
)
return movieResponse?.results.toMutableList();
}
}
class TmdbViewModel : ViewModel(){
private val parentJob = Job()
private val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
get() = parentJob + Dispatchers.Default
private val scope = CoroutineScope(coroutineContext)
private val repository : MovieRepository = MovieRepository(ApiFactory.tmdbApi)
val popularMoviesLiveData = MutableLiveData>()
fun fetchMovies(){
scope.launch {
val popularMovies = repository.getPopularMovies()
popularMoviesLiveData.postValue(popularMovies)
}
}
fun cancelAllRequests() = coroutineContext.cancel()
}
class MovieActivity : AppCompatActivity(){
private lateinit var tmdbViewModel: TmdbViewModel
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_movie)
tmdbViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(TmdbViewModel::class.java)
tmdbViewModel.fetchMovies()
tmdbViewModel.popularMovies.observe(this, Observer {
//TODO - Your Update UI Logic
})
}
}
本文是 Android 中一个基础但却全面的产品级别的 API 调用的介绍
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