Linux磁盘分区和格式化
Linux磁盘分区和格式化
1.磁盘分区
在Linux系统中非常多的磁盘分区工具，比如命令方式的fdisk、parted、cfdisk和sfdisk，最常使用的是fdisk和parted。
1.1 使用fdisk命令磁盘分区实例
fdisk命令语法
fdisk 【选项】【设备】
fdisk交互式操作子命令
（1）进入fdisk，列出所有子命令
[root@test ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
（2）显示硬盘分区信息
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0007b17a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 2611 20765696 8e Linux LVM
磁盘分区信息描述
（3）创建和删除主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux
（4）创建扩展分区和逻辑驱动器
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (655-2610, default 655):
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 655 2610 15711570 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (655-2610, default 655):
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309):
Using default value 1309
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 655 2610 15711570 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 655 1308 5253223+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1309 2610 10458283+ 83 Linux
（5）查看并转换分区类型
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 655 2610 15711570 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 655 1308 5253223+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6 1309 2610 10458283+ 83 Linux
（6）保存分区设置信息，并退出fdisk
1 Command (m for help): w
2 The partition table has been altered!
3
4 Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
5 Syncing disks.
（7）重启计算机系统并查看分区
1 [root@test ~]# ls /dev/sdb*
2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6
(8)格式化
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
(9)挂载
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt