Java打破双亲委派机制

1.自定义加载器

沿用双亲委派机制自定义类加载器很简单，只需继承ClassLoader类并重写findClass方法即可。
①先定义一个待加载的类Test，它很简单，只是在构建函数中输出由哪个类加载器加载。

public class Test {
      public Test(){
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getClassLoader().toString());
      }
}

②定义一个TestClassLoader类继承ClassLoader，重写findClass方法，此方法要做的事情是读取Test.class字节流并传入父类的defineClass方法即可。然后就可以通过自定义累加载器TestClassLoader对Test.class进行加载,完成加载后会输出“TestLoader”。

public class TestClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
  private String name;

  public TestClassLoader(ClassLoader parent, String name) {
    super(parent);
    this.name = name;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return this.name;
  }

  @Override
  public Class findClass(String name) {

    InputStream is = null;
    byte[] data = null;
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    try {
      is = new FileInputStream(new File("d:/Test.class"));
      int c = 0;
      while (-1 != (c = is.read())) {
        baos.write(c);
      }
      data = baos.toByteArray();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      try {
        is.close();
        baos.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    return this.defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    TestClassLoader loader = new TestClassLoader(
        TestClassLoader.class.getClassLoader(), "TestLoader");
    Class clazz;
    try {
      clazz = loader.loadClass("test.classloader.Test");
      Object object = clazz.newInstance();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } 
  }

}

2.打破双亲委派机制则不仅要继承ClassLoader类，还要重写loadClass和findClass方法
①定义Test类。

public class Test {
  public Test(){
    System.out.println(this.getClass().getClassLoader().toString());
  }
}

②重新定义一个继承ClassLoader的TestClassLoaderN类，这个类与前面的TestClassLoader类很相似，但它除了重写findClass方法外还重写了loadClass方法，默认的loadClass方法是实现了双亲委派机制的逻辑，即会先让父类加载器加载，当无法加载时才由自己加载。这里为了破坏双亲委派机制必须重写loadClass方法，即这里先尝试交由System类加载器加载，加载失败才会由自己加载。它并没有优先交给父类加载器，这就打破了双亲委派机制。

public class TestClassLoaderN extends ClassLoader {

  private String name;

  public TestClassLoaderN(ClassLoader parent, String name) {
    super(parent);
    this.name = name;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return this.name;
  }

  @Override
  public Class loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
    Class clazz = null;
    ClassLoader system = getSystemClassLoader();
    try {
      clazz = system.loadClass(name);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // ignore
    }
    if (clazz != null)
      return clazz;
    clazz = findClass(name);
    return clazz;
  }

  @Override
  public Class findClass(String name) {

    InputStream is = null;
    byte[] data = null;
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    try {
      is = new FileInputStream(new File("d:/Test.class"));
      int c = 0;
      while (-1 != (c = is.read())) {
        baos.write(c);
      }
      data = baos.toByteArray();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      try {
        is.close();
        baos.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    return this.defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    TestClassLoaderN loader = new TestClassLoaderN(
        TestClassLoaderN.class.getClassLoader(), "TestLoaderN");
    Class clazz;
    try {
      clazz = loader.loadClass("test.classloader.Test");
      Object object = clazz.newInstance();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

}