liunx下安装SqlPlus并连接远程Oralce服务器

liunx下安装Sql*Plus并连接远程Oralce服务器

1. 环境

   客户端:Ubuntu18.04LTS

   服务端:Centos7 Oracle12c

2. 下载oracle sqlplus

   []: https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html

   根据自己版本信息,下载合适的版本:

   oracle-instantclient18.3-basic-18.3.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

   oracle-instantclient18.3-sqlplus-18.3.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

   oracle-instantclient18.3-devel-18.3.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

3. 安装alien工具

   alien工具是将rpm包转换为deb包的工具

   $ sudo apt install alien
   

4. 安装rpm包

   依次安装这三个rpm包:

   sudo alien -i oracle-instantclient18.3-*.rpm

   eric@ray:~/Downloads/sqlplus
   $ sudo alien -i oracle-instantclient18.3-devel-18.3.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm 
   	dpkg --no-force-overwrite -i oracle-instantclient18.3-devel_18.3.0.0.0-2_amd64.deb
   (Reading database ... 219747 files and directories currently installed.)
   Preparing to unpack oracle-instantclient18.3-devel_18.3.0.0.0-2_amd64.deb ...
   Unpacking oracle-instantclient18.3-devel (18.3.0.0.0-2) over (18.3.0.0.0-2) ...
   Setting up oracle-instantclient18.3-devel (18.3.0.0.0-2) ...
   
   

5. 编辑sqlplus配置文件

   成功安装rpm包后,oracle客户端的默认路径为:

   eric@ray:/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib
   $ ls
   glogin.sql             libmql1.so       libocijdbc18.so   network
   libclntshcore.so.18.1  libnnz18.so      libons.so         ojdbc8.jar
   libclntsh.so           libocci.so       liboramysql18.so  ottclasses.zip
   libclntsh.so.18.1      libocci.so.18.1  libsqlplusic.so   xstreams.jar
   libipc1.so             libociei.so      libsqlplus.so
   

   编辑配置文件ld.so.conf

   eric@ray:/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib
   $ sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf
   
   #在文件尾部添加--根据自己实际情况
   /usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib
   

6. 配置oracle环境变量

   编辑配置文件.bashrc,在文件末尾加上:

   #sqlplus remote configure
   export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64
   export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/loacl/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
   #export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME
   #export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
   export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin 
   

   保存,使生效:source .bashrc

7. 配置oracle连接文件tnsnames.ora

   最简单的方式就是,在把Oracle服务器上 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin 下的文件全部copy

   racle@oracle ~]$ ls  $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
   listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora
   

   注意配置文件中的HOST改成服务器的实际ip地址

   # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/12c/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
   # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
   
   LISTENER_ORCL =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.122.133)(PORT = 1521))
   
   ORCL =
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.122.133)(PORT = 1521))
       (CONNECT_DATA =
         (SERVER = DEDICATED)
         (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
       )
     )
   

8. 测试

   
   $ sqlplus64 eric/ericpwd@orcl
   
   SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 23 16:41:01 2018
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
   
   Last Successful login time: Fri Nov 23 2018 15:08:36 +08:00
   
   Connected to:
   Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
   
   SQL>
   

9. 出现问题及解决

   如果无法连接数据库服务器

   • 如果出现下面情况,就是安装包及配置文件有问题,可以将整个oracle目录删除,重新安装(本人装了3次)

     eric@ray:~
     $ sqlplus64
     sqlplus: command not found
     

   • sqlplus安装成功后,可以执行:

     $ sqlplus64
     
     SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 23 16:45:32 2018
     
     Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
     
     Enter user-name:
     

     或者

     $ sqlplus64 /nolog
     
     SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 23 10:51:11 2018
     
     Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
     
     SQL> exit
     
     

   • 若TNS报错:

     ORA-12543 - TNS destination host unreachable
     #在客户端测试1521端口,会发现端口不通
     eric@ray:~
     $ telnet server.ip 1521
     
     

     检查服务器的防火墙

     [root@oracle sysconfig]# systemctl status firewalld
     ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
        Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
        Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-11-23 01:03:34 EST; 22min ago
          Docs: man:firewalld(1)
      Main PID: 686 (firewalld)
        CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
                └─686 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
     
     Nov 23 01:03:32 oracle systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall .....
     Nov 23 01:03:34 oracle systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall d...n.
     Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
     
     

     关闭防火墙:由于Centos使用的是firewalld管理,可以禁用掉,然后配置iptables进行管理

     [root@oracle sysconfig]# systemctl stop firewalld
     [root@oracle sysconfig]# systemctl disable firewalld
     

     如果上述都正确安装,就可以愉快的使用sqlplus了.如有问题可以留言