算法和数据结构是一个亘古不变的话题,作为一个程序员,掌握常用的数据结构实现是非常非常的有必要的。
实现链表,本质上和语言是无关的。但是灵活度却和实现它的语言密切相关。今天用Python来实现一下,包含如下操作:
['addNode(self, data)']
['append(self, value)']
['prepend(self, value)']
['insert(self, index, value)']
['delNode(self, index)']
['delValue(self, value)']
['isempty(self)']
['truncate(self)']
['getvalue(self, index)']
['peek(self)']
['pop(self)']
['reverse(self)']
['delDuplecate(self)']
['updateNode(self, index, value)']
['size(self)']
['print(self)']
生成这样的一个方法清单肯定是不能手动写了,要不然得多麻烦啊,于是我写了个程序,来匹配这些自己实现的方法。代码比较简单,核心思路就是匹配源文件的每一行,找到符合匹配规则的内容,并添加到总的结果集中。
代码如下:
# coding: utf8
# @Author: 郭 璞
# @File: getmethods.py
# @Time: 2017/4/5
# @Contact: [email protected]
# @blog: http://blog.csdn.net/marksinoberg
# @Description: 获取一个模块或者类中的所有方法及参数列表
import re
def parse(filepath, repattern):
with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
# 预解析正则
rep = re.compile(repattern)
# 创建保存方法和参数列表的结果集列表
result = []
# 开始正式的匹配实现
for line in lines:
res = re.findall(rep, str(line))
print("{}的匹配结果{}".format(str(line), res))
if len(res)!=0 or res is not None:
result.append(res)
else:
continue
return [item for item in result if item !=[]]
if __name__ == '__main__':
repattern = "def (.[^_0-9]+\(.*?\)):"
filepath = './SingleChain.py'
result = parse(filepath, repattern)
for item in result:
print(str(item))
# coding: utf8
# @Author: 郭 璞
# @File: SingleChain.py
# @Time: 2017/4/5
# @Contact: [email protected]
# @blog: http://blog.csdn.net/marksinoberg
# @Description: 单链表实现
class Node(object):
def __init__(self, data, next):
self.data = data
self.next = next
class LianBiao(object):
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
# 给单链表添加元素节点
def addNode(self, data):
if self.root==None:
self.root = Node(data=data, next=None)
return self.root
else:
# 有头结点,则需要遍历到尾部节点,进行链表增加操作
cursor = self.root
while cursor.next!= None:
cursor = cursor.next
cursor.next = Node(data=data, next=None)
return self.root
# 在链表的尾部添加新节点,底层调用addNode方法即可
def append(self, value):
self.addNode(data=value)
# 在链表首部添加节点
def prepend(self, value):
if self.root == None:
self.root = Node(value, None)
else:
newroot = Node(value, None)
# 更新root索引
newroot.next = self.root
self.root = newroot
# 在链表的指定位置添加节点
def insert(self, index, value):
if self.root == None:
return
if index<=0 or index >self.size():
print('index %d 非法, 应该审视一下您的插入节点在整个链表的位置!')
return
elif index==1:
# 如果index==1, 则在链表首部添加即可
self.prepend(value)
elif index == self.size()+1:
# 如果index正好比当前链表长度大一,则添加在尾部即可
self.append(value)
else:
# 如此,在链表中部添加新节点,直接进行添加即可。需要使用计数器来维护插入未知
counter = 2
pre = self.root
cursor = self.root.next
while cursor!=None:
if counter == index:
temp = Node(value, None)
pre.next = temp
temp.next = cursor
break
else:
counter += 1
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
# 删除指定位置上的节点
def delNode(self, index):
if self.root == None:
return
if index<=0 or index > self.size():
return
# 对第一个位置需要小心处理
if index == 1:
self.root = self.root.next
else:
pre = self.root
cursor = pre.next
counter = 2
while cursor!= None:
if index == counter:
print('can be here!')
pre.next = cursor.next
break
else:
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
counter += 1
# 删除值为value的链表节点元素
def delValue(self, value):
if self.root == None:
return
# 对第一个位置需要小心处理
if self.root.data == value:
self.root = self.root.next
else:
pre = self.root
cursor = pre.next
while cursor!=None:
if cursor.data == value:
pre.next = cursor.next
# 千万记得更新这个节点,否则会出现死循环。。。
cursor = cursor.next
continue
else:
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
# 判断链表是否为空
def isempty(self):
if self.root == None or self.size()==0:
return True
else:
return False
# 删除链表及其内部所有元素
def truncate(self):
if self.root == None or self.size()==0:
return
else:
cursor = self.root
while cursor!= None:
cursor.data = None
cursor = cursor.next
self.root = None
cursor = None
# 获取指定位置的节点的值
def getvalue(self, index):
if self.root is None or self.size()==0:
print('当前链表为空!')
return None
if index<=0 or index>self.size():
print("index %d不合法!"%index)
return None
else:
counter = 1
cursor = self.root
while cursor is not None:
if index == counter:
return cursor.data
else:
counter += 1
cursor = cursor.next
# 获取链表尾部的值,且不删除该尾部节点
def peek(self):
return self.getvalue(self.size())
# 获取链表尾部节点的值,并删除该尾部节点
def pop(self):
if self.root is None or self.size()==0:
print('当前链表已经为空!')
return None
elif self.size()==1:
top = self.root.data
self.root = None
return top
else:
pre = self.root
cursor = pre.next
while cursor.next is not None:
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
top = cursor.data
cursor = None
pre.next = None
return top
# 单链表逆序实现
def reverse(self):
if self.root is None:
return
if self.size()==1:
return
else:
# post = None
pre = None
cursor = self.root
while cursor is not None:
# print('逆序操作逆序操作')
post = cursor.next
cursor.next = pre
pre = cursor
cursor = post
# 千万不要忘记了把逆序后的头结点赋值给root,否则无法正确显示
self.root = pre
# 删除链表中的重复元素
def delDuplecate(self):
# 使用一个map来存放即可,类似于变形的“桶排序”
dic = {}
if self.root == None:
return
if self.size() == 1:
return
pre = self.root
cursor = pre.next
dic = {}
# 为字典赋值
temp = self.root
while temp!=None:
dic[str(temp.data)] = 0
temp = temp.next
temp = None
# 开始实施删除重复元素的操作
while cursor!=None:
if dic[str(cursor.data)] == 1:
pre.next = cursor.next
cursor = cursor.next
else:
dic[str(cursor.data)] += 1
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
# 修改指定位置节点的值
def updateNode(self, index, value):
if self.root == None:
return
if index<0 or index>self.size():
return
if index == 1:
self.root.data = value
return
else:
cursor = self.root.next
counter = 2
while cursor!=None:
if counter == index:
cursor.data = value
break
cursor = cursor.next
counter += 1
# 获取单链表的大小
def size(self):
counter = 0
if self.root == None:
return counter
else:
cursor = self.root
while cursor!=None:
counter +=1
cursor = cursor.next
return counter
# 打印链表自身元素
def print(self):
if(self.root==None):
return
else:
cursor = self.root
while cursor!=None:
print(cursor.data, end='\t')
cursor = cursor.next
print()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 创建一个链表对象
lianbiao = LianBiao()
# 判断当前链表是否为空
print("链表为空%d"%lianbiao.isempty())
# 判断当前链表是否为空
lianbiao.addNode(1)
print("链表为空%d"%lianbiao.isempty())
# 添加一些节点,方便操作
lianbiao.addNode(2)
lianbiao.addNode(3)
lianbiao.addNode(4)
lianbiao.addNode(6)
lianbiao.addNode(5)
lianbiao.addNode(6)
lianbiao.addNode(7)
lianbiao.addNode(3)
# 打印当前链表所有值
print('打印当前链表所有值')
lianbiao.print()
# 测试对链表求size的操作
print("链表的size: "+str(lianbiao.size()))
# 测试指定位置节点值的获取
print('测试指定位置节点值的获取')
print(lianbiao.getvalue(1))
print(lianbiao.getvalue(lianbiao.size()))
print(lianbiao.getvalue(7))
# 测试删除链表中指定值, 可重复性删除
print('测试删除链表中指定值, 可重复性删除')
lianbiao.delNode(4)
lianbiao.print()
lianbiao.delValue(3)
lianbiao.print()
# 去除链表中的重复元素
print('去除链表中的重复元素')
lianbiao.delDuplecate()
lianbiao.print()
# 指定位置的链表元素的更新测试
print('指定位置的链表元素的更新测试')
lianbiao.updateNode(6, 99)
lianbiao.print()
# 测试在链表首部添加节点
print('测试在链表首部添加节点')
lianbiao.prepend(77)
lianbiao.prepend(108)
lianbiao.print()
# 测试在链表尾部添加节点
print('测试在链表尾部添加节点')
lianbiao.append(99)
lianbiao.append(100)
lianbiao.print()
# 测试指定下标的插入操作
print('测试指定下标的插入操作')
lianbiao.insert(1, 10010)
lianbiao.insert(3, 333)
lianbiao.insert(lianbiao.size(), 99999)
lianbiao.print()
# 测试peek 操作
print('测试peek 操作')
print(lianbiao.peek())
lianbiao.print()
# 测试pop 操作
print('测试pop 操作')
print(lianbiao.pop())
lianbiao.print()
# 测试单链表的逆序输出
print('测试单链表的逆序输出')
lianbiao.reverse()
lianbiao.print()
# 测试链表的truncate操作
print('测试链表的truncate操作')
lianbiao.truncate()
lianbiao.print()
代码运行的结果如何呢?是否能满足我们的需求,且看打印的结果:
D:\Software\Python3\python.exe E:/Code/Python/Python3/CommonTest/datastructor/SingleChain.py
链表为空1
链表为空0
打印当前链表所有值
1 2 3 4 6 5 6 7 3
链表的size: 9
测试指定位置节点值的获取
1
3
6
测试删除链表中指定值, 可重复性删除
can be here!
1 2 3 6 5 6 7 3
1 2 6 5 6 7
去除链表中的重复元素
1 2 6 5 7
指定位置的链表元素的更新测试
1 2 6 5 7
测试在链表首部添加节点
108 77 1 2 6 5 7
测试在链表尾部添加节点
108 77 1 2 6 5 7 99 100
测试指定下标的插入操作
10010 108 333 77 1 2 6 5 7 99 99999 100
测试peek 操作
100
10010 108 333 77 1 2 6 5 7 99 99999 100
测试pop 操作
100
10010 108 333 77 1 2 6 5 7 99 99999
测试单链表的逆序输出
99999 99 7 5 6 2 1 77 333 108 10010
测试链表的truncate操作
Process finished with exit code 0
刚好实现了目标需求。
看到有评论说删除重复节点的代码有点问题,那么今天(2018年11月29日21:18:24)再来更新一下,另外加上点chain的支持。
#coding: utf8
__author__ = "郭 璞"
__email__ = "[email protected]"
# 链表
class Node(object):
def __init__(self, data, next):
self.data = data
self.next = next
class Chain(object):
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
self.length = 0
def printself(self):
if self.root == None:
return
else:
cursor = self.root
counter = 0
while cursor != None:
print("index: {}, value: {}".format(counter, cursor.data))
cursor = cursor.next
counter += 1
print("self-print end.")
def _addNode(self, data):
if self.root == None:
self.root = Node(data=data, next=None)
else:
cursor = self.root
while cursor.next != None:
cursor = cursor.next
cursor.next = Node(data=data, next=None)
self.length += 1
return self.root
def append(self, data):
self._addNode(data=data)
return self
def prepend(self, data):
if self.root == None:
self.root = Node(data=data, next=None)
else:
node = Node(data=data, next=self.root)
self.root = node
self.length += 1
return self
def size(self):
return self.length
def insert(self, index, data):
if index < 0 :
self.prepend(data)
if index == 0 and self.root == None:
self.root = Node(data=data, next=None)
elif index == 1 and self.size() == 1:
self.prepend(data)
elif index > 1 and index < self.size():
counter = 1
pre = self.root
cursor = self.root.next
while cursor != None:
if counter == index:
pre.next = Node(data=data, next=cursor)
break;
else:
counter += 1
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
elif index > self.size():
self.append(data)
self.length += 1
return self
def isempty(self):
return self.length == 0
def update(self, index, newdata):
if self.root == None:
return
if index < 0:
return
elif index < self.size():
cursor = self.root
counter = 0
while cursor!= None:
if counter == index:
cursor.data = newdata
break
else:
cursor = cursor.next
counter += 1
else:
return
return self
def remove(self, index):
if self.root == None:
return
if index < 0 or index > self.size():
raise IndexError("index out of boundary.")
if self.size() == 1 and index==0:
self.root = None
elif index==0 and self.size() > 1:
self.root = self.root.next
elif index > 0 and index < self.size():
pre = self.root
cursor = self.root.next
counter = 1
while cursor != None:
if counter == index:
pre.next = cursor.next
break
else:
counter += 1
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
self.length -= 1
return self
def delete(self, data):
if self.root == None:
return
if self.size() == 1:
if self.root.data == data:
self.root = None
self.length -= 1
return
else:
# 链表长度大于1 看看是否为头结点,要区分对待
if self.root.data == data:
self.root = self.root.next
self.length -= 1
else:
pre = self.root
cursor = self.root.next
while cursor != None:
if cursor.data == data:
pre.next = cursor.next
# 很关键的一步,否则可能出现死循环
cursor = cursor.next
self.length -= 1
else:
pre = cursor
cursor = cursor.next
return self
def get(self, index):
ret = None
if self.root == None:
return ret
if index < 0:
return ret
elif index < self.size():
counter = 0
cursor = self.root
ret = None
while cursor!= None:
if counter == index:
ret = cursor.data
break
else:
counter += 1
cursor = cursor.next
else:
pass
return ret
def reverse(self):
if self.root == None:
return
if self.size() == 1:
return self
else:
pre = None
cursor = self.root
post = self.root.next
while cursor != None:
post = cursor.next
cursor.next = pre
pre = cursor
cursor = post
# 至关重要的一步操作
self.root = pre
return self
if __name__ == "__main__":
chain = Chain()
chain.append(0).append(1).append(2).append(3).append(4)
# chain.prepend(9)
# chain.insert(2, 999)
# chain.update(4, 1000)
# chain.printself()
# chain.remove(1)
# chain.printself()
# chain.delete(111)
# chain.printself()
# print(chain.get(100))
chain.reverse()
chain.printself()
今天的内容还是比较基础,也没什么难点。但是看懂和会写还是两码事,没事的时候写写这样的代码还是很有收获的。