ubuntu下如何查看软件安装目录以及安装版本
1.查询版本
1)aptitude show 软件名
例如：aptitude show kde-runtime
显示如下：
****@ubuntu:~$ aptitude show kde-runtime
软件包： kde-runtime
状态: 未安装
版本号： 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1
优先级： 可选
部分： kde
维护者： Kubuntu Developers
未压缩尺寸： 9,607 k
依赖于: libasound2 (>= 1.0.23), libattica0.3 (>= 0.3.0), libc6 (>= 2.15),
libcanberra0 (>= 0.2), libexiv2-11, libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libjpeg8
(>= 8c), libkcmutils4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeclarative5 (>= 4:4.7.0),
libkdecore5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdesu5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeui5 (>=
4:4.8.1), libkdewebkit5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdnssd4 (>= 4:4.8.1),
libkemoticons4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkfile4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkhtml5 (>=
4:4.8.1), libkidletime4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkio5 (>= 4:4.8.1),
libkmediaplayer4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libknewstuff3-4 (>= 4:4.8.1),
libknotifyconfig4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkparts4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkpty4 (>=
4:4.8.1), libnepomuk4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomukdatamanagement4 (>=
4:4.8.1), libnepomukquery4a (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomuksync4 (>=
4:4.8.1), libntrack-qt4-1 (>= 005), libopenexr6 (>= 1.6.1),
libphonon4 (>= 4:4.7.0really4.5.0), libplasma3 (>= 4:4.8.1),
libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (>= 1:0.99.1), libpulse0 (>= 1:0.99.1),
libqt4-dbus (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-declarative (>= 4:4.7.0~rc1),
libqt4-network (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-script (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-svg
(>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-xml (>= 4:4.5.3), libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0),
libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0), libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.2~2011week36),
libsmbclient (>= 2:3.2.0), libsolid4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libsoprano4 (>=
2.6.51), libssh-4 (>= 0.3.91), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6),
libstreamanalyzer0 (>= 0.7.7), libstreams0 (>= 0.7.7), libx11-6,
libxcursor1 (> 1.1.2), phonon, perl, kde-runtime-data (>=
4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1), kdelibs5-plugins (>= 4:4.8.1), oxygen-icon-theme
(>= 4:4.6), shared-desktop-ontologies, plasma-scriptengine-javascript
(= 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1)
推荐: udisks, upower, virtuoso-minimal, kubuntu-debug-installer, icoutils,
libcanberra-pulse | libcanberra-gstreamer
建议: djvulibre-bin, finger
冲突: kdelibs4-dev
破坏: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,
kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6),
kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (<
4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95),
plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<
4:4.6.80)
代替: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,
kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6),
kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (<
4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95),
plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<
4:4.6.80)
描述： runtime components from the official KDE release
KDE is produced by an international technology team that creates free and open
source software for desktop and portable computing. Among KDE's products are a
modern desktop system for Linux and UNIX platforms, comprehensive office
productivity and groupware suites and hundreds of software titles in many
categories including Internet and web applications, multimedia, entertainment,
educational, graphics and software development.
This package contains programs and data needed at runtime by KDE applications.
主页： http://www.kde.org/
2)dpkg -l软件名
例如：dpkg -l gedit
*****@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l gedit
期望状态=未知(u)/安装(i)/删除(r)/清除(p)/保持(h)
| 状态=未安装(n)/已安装(i)/仅存配置(c)/仅解压缩(U)/配置失败(F)/不完全安装(H)/触发器等待(W)/触发器未决(T)
|/ 错误?=(无)/须重装(R) (状态，错误：大写=故障)
||/ 名称 版本 描述
+++-==============-==============-============================================
ii gedit 3.3.8-0ubuntu1 official text editor of the GNOME desktop en
1)dpkg -L 软件名
例如：dpkg -L gedit
*****@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -L gedit
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/gedit
/usr/share
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop
/usr/share/dbus-1
/usr/share/dbus-1/services
/usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.gnome.gedit.service
/usr/share/bug
/usr/share/bug/gedit
/usr/share/bug/gedit/script
/usr/share/pyshared
/usr/share/pyshared/gi
/usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides
/usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides/Gedit.py
/usr/share/gedit
/usr/share/gedit/gedit-bugreport
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/gedit
/usr/share/menu
/usr/share/menu/gedit
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/gedit
/usr/share/doc/gedit/README
/usr/share/doc/gedit/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/gedit/copyright
/usr/share/doc/gedit/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/gedit/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/gedit/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/python
/usr/share/python/runtime.d
/usr/share/python/runtime.d/gedit.rtupdate
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/gedit
/usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0
/usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0/Gedit-3.0.typelib
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libmodelines.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/zeitgeist.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/time.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libspell.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libtime.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libsort.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/outputpanel.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/windowactivatable.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/manager.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/capture.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/library.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/filelookup.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/functions.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/linkparsing.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/docinfo.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/changecase.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/modelines.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/placeholder.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/shareddata.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/substitutionparser.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/snippet.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/completion.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/exporter.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/singleton.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/windowactivatable.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/document.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/appactivatable.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/languagemanager.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/importer.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/manager.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/library.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/signals.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/helper.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/parser.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/sort.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/spell.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/popup.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/virtualdirs.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libchangecase.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/filebrowser.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/console.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/config.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libdocinfo.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libzeitgeistplugin.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libfilebrowser.so
/usr/lib/python2.7
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides
/usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.0.0.0
/usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.0
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gedit.py或者
2)whereis 软件名
例如：whereis gedit