linux 中VIM的安装和配置

转载自:https://www.cnblogs.com/tankblog/p/6814137.html


1.vim的安装

#yum search vim   //查看vim相关软件信息

#yum install -y vim*  //在线安装vim

2.vim的配置

(1)~/.viminfo  

  在vim中操作的行为,vim会自动记录下来,保存在 ~/.viminfo 文件中。这样为了方便下次处理,如:vim打开文件时,光标会自动在上次离开的位置显示。原来搜索过的字符串,新打开文件时自动高亮显示。~/.viminfo 文件是系统自动生成。

(2)/etc/vimrc

  vimrc文件是vim的环境设置文件。整体的vim的设置是在 /etc/vimrc 文件中。不建议修改/etc/vimrc 文件,每个用户可以在用户根目录中设置vim,新建 ~/.vimrc. vim的配置选项较多。

vimrc的默认设置注释如下:

if v:lang =~ "utf8$" || v:lang =~ "UTF-8$"
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,latin1
endif

set nocompatible " Use Vim defaults (much better!)
set bs=indent,eol,start " allow backspacing over everything in insert mode
"set ai " always set autoindenting on
"set backup " keep a backup file
set viminfo='20,\"50 " read/write a .viminfo file, don't store more
" than 50 lines of registers
set history=50 " keep 50 lines of command line history
set ruler " show the cursor position all the time

" Only do this part when compiled with support for autocommands
if has("autocmd")
augroup redhat
autocmd!
" In text files, always limit the width of text to 78 characters
" autocmd BufRead *.txt set tw=78
" When editing a file, always jump to the last cursor position
autocmd BufReadPost *
\ if line("'\"") > 0 && line ("'\"") <= line("$") |
\ exe "normal! g'\"" |
\ endif
" don't write swapfile on most commonly used directories for NFS mounts or USB sticks
autocmd BufNewFile,BufReadPre /media/*,/run/media/*,/mnt/* set directory=~/tmp,/var/tmp,/tmp
" start with spec file template
autocmd BufNewFile *.spec 0r /usr/share/vim/vimfiles/template.spec
augroup END
endif

if has("cscope") && filereadable("/usr/bin/cscope")
set csprg=/usr/bin/cscope
set csto=0
set cst
set nocsverb
" add any database in current directory
if filereadable("cscope.out")
cs add $PWD/cscope.out
" else add database pointed to by environment
elseif $CSCOPE_DB != ""
cs add $CSCOPE_DB
endif
set csverb
endif

" Switch syntax highlighting on, when the terminal has colors
" Also switch on highlighting the last used search pattern.
if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")
syntax on
set hlsearch
endif

filetype plugin on

if &term=="xterm"
set t_Co=8
set t_Sb=dm
set t_Sf=dm
endif

" Don't wake up system with blinking cursor:
" http://www.linuxpowertop.org/known.php
let &guicursor = &guicursor . ",a:blinkon0"

(3)~/.vimrc

"""""""""""""""""""
" 显示相关 
"""""""""""""""""""
"set shortmess=atI " 启动的时候不显示那个援助乌干达儿童的提示 
"winpos 5 5 " 设定窗口位置 
"set lines=40 columns=155 " 设定窗口大小 
"set nu " 显示行号 
set go= " 不要图形按钮 
"color asmanian2 " 设置背景主题 
set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI " 设置字体 
"syntax on " 语法高亮 
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul " 用浅色高亮当前行 
autocmd InsertEnter * se cul " 用浅色高亮当前行 
"set ruler " 显示标尺 
set showcmd " 输入的命令显示出来,看的清楚些 
"set cmdheight=1 " 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,设置为1 
"set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l " 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界(不建议) 
"set scrolloff=3 " 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离 
set novisualbell " 不要闪烁(不明白) 
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")} "状态行显示的内容 
set laststatus=1 " 启动显示状态行(1),总是显示状态行(2) 
set foldenable " 允许折叠 
set foldmethod=manual " 手动折叠 
"set background=dark "背景使用黑色 
set nocompatible "去掉讨厌的有关vi一致性模式,避免以前版本的一些bug和局限 
" 显示中文帮助
if version >= 603
set helplang=cn
set encoding=utf-8
endif
" 设置配色方案
"colorscheme murphy
"字体 
"if (has("gui_running")) 
" set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10 
"endif
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936
set fileencoding=utf-8
"""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""新文件标题""""""""""
"新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件,自动插入文件头 
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()" 
""定义函数SetTitle,自动插入文件头 
func SetTitle() 
"如果文件类型为.sh文件 
if &filetype == 'sh' 
call setline(1,"\#########################################################################") 
call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%")) 
call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author: test") 
call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail: [email protected]") 
call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) 
call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################") 
call append(line(".")+5, "\#!/bin/bash") 
call append(line(".")+6, "") 
else 
call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************") 
call append(line("."), " > File Name: ".expand("%")) 
call append(line(".")+1, " > Author: test") 
call append(line(".")+2, " > Mail: [email protected] ") 
call append(line(".")+3, " > Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) 
call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/") 
call append(line(".")+5, "")
endif
if &filetype == 'cpp'
call append(line(".")+6, "#include")
call append(line(".")+7, "using namespace std;")
call append(line(".")+8, "")
endif
if &filetype == 'c'
call append(line(".")+6, "#include")
call append(line(".")+7, "")
endif
"新建文件后,自动定位到文件末尾
autocmd BufNewFile * normal G
endfunc 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"键盘命令
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
nmap w :w!
nmap f :find
" 映射全选+复制 ctrl+a
map ggVGY
map! ggVGY
map gg=G
" 选中状态下 Ctrl+c 复制
vmap "+y
"去空行 
nnoremap :g/^\s*$/d 
"比较文件 
nnoremap :vert diffsplit 
"新建标签 
map :tabnew 
"列出当前目录文件 
map :tabnew . 
"打开树状文件目录 
map \be 
"C,C++ 按F5编译运行
map :call CompileRunGcc()
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec "w"
if &filetype == 'c'
exec "!g++ % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
exec "!g++ % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'java' 
exec "!javac %" 
exec "!java %<"
elseif &filetype == 'sh'
:!./%
endif
endfunc
"C,C++的调试
map :call Rungdb()
func! Rungdb()
exec "w"
exec "!g++ % -g -o %<"
exec "!gdb ./%<"
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""
""实用设置
""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
" quickfix模式
autocmd FileType c,cpp map :w:make
"代码补全 
set completeopt=preview,menu 
"允许插件 
filetype plugin on
"共享剪贴板 
set clipboard+=unnamed 
"从不备份 
set nobackup
"make 运行
:set makeprg=g++\ -Wall\ \ %
"自动保存
set autowrite
set ruler " 打开状态栏标尺
set cursorline " 突出显示当前行
set magic " 设置魔术
set guioptions-=T " 隐藏工具栏
set guioptions-=m " 隐藏菜单栏
"set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\
" 设置在状态行显示的信息
set foldcolumn=0
set foldmethod=indent 
set foldlevel=3 
set foldenable " 开始折叠
" 不要使用vi的键盘模式,而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
" 语法高亮
set syntax=on
" 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
" 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候,弹出确认
set confirm
" 自动缩进
set autoindent
set cindent
" Tab键的宽度
set tabstop=4
" 统一缩进为4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
" 不要用空格代替制表符
set noexpandtab
" 在行和段开始处使用制表符
set smarttab
" 显示行号
set number
" 历史记录数
set history=1000
"禁止生成临时文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile
"搜索忽略大小写
set ignorecase
"搜索逐字符高亮
set hlsearch
set incsearch
"行内替换
set gdefault
"编码设置
set enc=utf-8
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"语言设置
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8
set helplang=cn
" 我的状态行显示的内容(包括文件类型和解码)
"set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}
"set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]
" 总是显示状态行
set laststatus=2
" 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,默认为1,这里是2
set cmdheight=2
" 侦测文件类型
filetype on
" 载入文件类型插件
filetype plugin on
" 为特定文件类型载入相关缩进文件
filetype indent on
" 保存全局变量
set viminfo+=!
" 带有如下符号的单词不要被换行分割
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-
" 字符间插入的像素行数目
set linespace=0
" 增强模式中的命令行自动完成操作
set wildmenu
" 使回格键(backspace)正常处理indent, eol, start等
set backspace=2
" 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
" 可以在buffer的任何地方使用鼠标(类似office中在工作区双击鼠标定位)
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
" 通过使用: commands命令,告诉我们文件的哪一行被改变过
set report=0
" 在被分割的窗口间显示空白,便于阅读
set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:\
" 高亮显示匹配的括号
set showmatch
" 匹配括号高亮的时间(单位是十分之一秒)
set matchtime=1
" 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set scrolloff=3
" 为C程序提供自动缩进
set smartindent
" 高亮显示普通txt文件(需要txt.vim脚本)
au BufRead,BufNewFile * setfiletype txt
"自动补全
:inoremap ( ()i
:inoremap ) =ClosePair(')')
:inoremap { {}O
:inoremap } =ClosePair('}')
:inoremap [ []i
:inoremap ] =ClosePair(']')
:inoremap " ""i
:inoremap ' ''i
function! ClosePair(char)
if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char
return "\"
else
return a:char
endif
endfunction
filetype plugin indent on 
"打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
set completeopt=longest,menu
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" CTags的设定 
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
let Tlist_Sort_Type = "name" " 按照名称排序 
let Tlist_Use_Right_Window = 1 " 在右侧显示窗口 
let Tlist_Compart_Format = 1 " 压缩方式 
let Tlist_Exist_OnlyWindow = 1 " 如果只有一个buffer,kill窗口也kill掉buffer 
let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close = 0 " 不要关闭其他文件的tags 
let Tlist_Enable_Fold_Column = 0 " 不要显示折叠树 
autocmd FileType java set tags+=D:\tools\java\tags 
"autocmd FileType h,cpp,cc,c set tags+=D:\tools\cpp\tags 
"let Tlist_Show_One_File=1 "不同时显示多个文件的tag,只显示当前文件的
"设置tags 
set tags=tags 
"set autochdir
"""""""""""""""""""""""""
"其他东东
"""""""""""""""""""""""""
"默认打开Taglist 
let Tlist_Auto_Open=1 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
" Tag list (ctags) 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = '/usr/bin/ctags' 
let Tlist_Show_One_File = 1 "不同时显示多个文件的tag,只显示当前文件的 
let Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow = 1 "如果taglist窗口是最后一个窗口,则退出vim 
let Tlist_Use_Right_Window = 1 "在右侧窗口中显示taglist窗口
" minibufexpl插件的一般设置
let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavVim = 1
let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavArrows = 1
let g:miniBufExplMapCTabSwitchBufs = 1
let g:miniBufExplModSelTarget = 1

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