PCIe固态存储与HDD普通硬盘性能对比测试
经过两周的测试，得出以下结果
MySQL-OLTP测试结果：（50张表，每张表1000万数据，1000个线程）
TPS：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行的5.63倍
writes：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行的5.58倍
reads：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行的5.55倍
Response_time：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行比在HDD上运行响应时间快44.45倍
Errors：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行错误率低83.5倍
随机IO测试结论：
PCIe固态存储随机读写IO处理能力是HDD随机读写IO处理能力的20倍
以下是详细测试过程
准备工作
操作系统：CentOS6.4 64位
D B：MySQL5.6.22 64位
硬 盘：PCIe（Shannon Direct-IO 1.6TB）、HDD
测试工具：sysbench0.5
监控工具：zabix
一、安装sysbench 0.5
下载sysbench源码包
原来官网 http://sysbench.sourceforge.net 已停用，目前sysbench代码托管在launchpad上https://launchpad.net/sysbench
更新和安装依赖包
yum -y install gcc
yum -y install libtool
安装bzr客户端
yum -y install bzr
在线获取0.5的版本,#下载到当前目录,文件名为: sysbench_0.5
bzr branch lp:sysbench
cd sysbench_0.5/运行命令：./autogen.sh，对环境进行清理
./autogen.sh
./configure --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysqla/include/ --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysqla/lib/
# with-mysql-includes 指定MySQL安装目录
# with-mysql-libs 指定MySQL lib所在目录
make && make install
如果遇到以下错误
../libtool: line 841: X--tag=CC: command not found
../libtool: line 874: libtool: ignoring unknown tag : command not found
../libtool: line 841: X--mode=link: command not found
../libtool: line 1007: *** Warning: inferring the mode of operation is deprecated.: command not found
../libtool: line 1008: *** Future versions of Libtool will require --mode=MODE be specified.: command not found
../libtool: line 2234: X-g: command not found
../libtool: line 2234: X-O2: command not found
../libtool: line 1954: X-L/usr/local/mysqla/lib/: No such file or directory
../libtool: line 2403: Xsysbench: command not found
../libtool: line 2408: X: command not found
../libtool: line 2415: Xsysbench: command not found
../libtool: line 2550: X-lmysqlclient_r: command not found
../libtool: line 2550: X-lrt: command not found
../libtool: line 2550: X-lm: command not found
../libtool: line 2632: X-L/home/sysopt/src/sysbench-0.4.12/sysbench: No such file or directory
../libtool: line 2550: X-lmysqlclient_r: command not found
../libtool: line 2550: X-lrt: command not found
../libtool: line 2550: X-lm: command not found
../libtool: line 2632: X-L/home/sysopt/src/sysbench-0.4.12/sysbench: No such file or directory
../libtool: line 2550: X-lmysqlclient_r: command not found
../libtool: line 2550: X-lrt: command not found
../libtool: line 2550: X-lm: command not found
可能原因：
1、没装依赖包libtool
2、安装的版本不对（libtool版本过旧）
3、其它原因
解决方法：
1、安装依赖包libtool
2、libtoo更新到新版本
3、用autoreconf代替autogen.sh，方法如下:
autoreconf -i
configure
make
make install
安装成功后可通过help命令查看sysbench帮助
[root@localhost src]# sysbench --help
Missing required command argument.
Usage:
sysbench [general-options]... --test= [test-options]... command
General options:
--num-threads=N number of threads to use [1]#使用线程数量
--max-requests=N limit for total number of requests [10000]#请求数，默认为10000
--max-time=N limit for total execution time in seconds [0]#执行时间，默认为0表示表示不限制
--forced-shutdown=STRING amount of time to wait after --max-time before forcing shutdown [off]
--thread-stack-size=SIZE size of stack per thread [64K]
--tx-rate=N target transaction rate (tps) [0]
--report-interval=N periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]#0.5的新增参数（默认值0,表示禁用该功能）在指定的时间间隔报告测试信息，不用等到运行结束时再得到反馈
--report-checkpoints=[LIST,...]dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []
--test=STRING test to run
--debug=[on|off] print more debugging info [off]
--validate=[on|off] perform validation checks where possible [off]
--help=[on|off] print help and exit
--version=[on|off] print version and exit [off]
--rand-init=[on|off] initialize random number generator [off]#初始化时生成随机的数据，默认关闭
--rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
--rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
--rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1]
--rand-spec-res=N percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75]
--rand-seed=N seed for random number generator, ignored when 0 [0]
--rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distibution [0.2]
Log options:
--verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
--percentile=N percentile rank of query response times to count [95]
Compiled-in tests:测试项目
fileio - File I/O test #磁盘IO测试
cpu - CPU performance test #CPU运算性能
memory - Memory functions speed test #内存分配及传输速度
threads - Threads subsystem performance test #POSIX线程性能
mutex - Mutex performance test #互斥性能测试
Commands: prepare run cleanup help version
See 'sysbench --test= help' for a list of options for each test.
二、测试
1.MySQL-OLTP测试
数据准备
[root@localhost sysbench_0.5]# sysbench --mysql-db=sbtest --num-threads=24 --mysql-engine-trx=yes --mysql-table-engine=innodb --rand-type=special --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3307 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password= --mysql-socket=/data1/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --test=sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=50 --oltp-table-size=10000000 --rand-init=on prepare
参数说明：
--mysql-db：指定在哪个数据库创建测试表，默认为sbtest库，需要提前创建好
--num-threads：使用多线程创建多表，节省准备时间
--mysql-engine-trx=yes 支持事务
--mysql-table-engine：指定存储引擎，如myisam，innodb，heap，ndbcluster，bdb，maria，falcon，pbxt 默认InnoDB
--test=tests/db/oltp.lua 表示调用 tests/db/oltp.lua 脚本进行 oltp 模式测试
--oltp_tables_count=10 表示会生成 10 个测试表
--oltp-table-size=1000000 表示每个测试表填充数据量为 1000000
--db-driver：指定驱动，默认为Mysql
--rand-init=on 表示每个测试表都是用随机数据来填充的
#使用1000个线程开始测试，读写模式。
模拟 对50个表并发OLTP测试，每个表1000万行记录，持续压测时间为 1小时
[root@localhost sysbench_0.5]# sysbench --mysql-engine-trx=yes --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3307 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password= --mysql-socket=/data1/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --test=sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=50 --oltp-table-size=100000000 --num-threads=1000 --oltp-read-only=off --report-interval=10 --rand-type=uniform --max-time=3600 --max-requests=0 --percentile=95 run >>/data1/sysbench-rw.txt
参数说明
--oltp-read-only=off 表示不要进行只读测试，也就是会采用读写混合模式测试
--report-interval=10 表示每10秒输出一次测试进度报告
--rand-type=uniform：数据分布模式，special表示存在热点数据，uniform表示非热点数据模式: uniform(固定),gaussian(高斯),special(特定的),pareto(帕累托)
--max-time=3600 表示最大执行时长为 3600秒
--max-requests=0 表示总请求数为 0，因为上面已经定义了总执行时长，所以总请求数可以设定为 0；也可以只设定总请求数，不设定最大执行时长
--percentile=95 表示设定采样比例，默认是 95%，即丢弃5%的长请求，在剩余的95%里取最大值
可选参数：
--oltp-point-selects：在一个事务里面Point select的数量，默认为10
--oltp-range-size：range查询的范围大小，默认100，应该小于oltp-table-size
--oltp-simple-ranges：在一个事务里面简单range查询的数量，默认1
--oltp-sum-ranges：在一个事务里面SUM range查询的数量，默认1
--oltp-order-ranges：在一个事务里面ORDER range查询的数量，默认1
--oltp-distinct-ranges：在一个事务里面DISTINCT range查询的数量，默认1
注意：我这里将测试中输出信息存放到一个文本文件里，便于用监控展示成图表形式，这样更直观
监控结果：
PCIe固态存储-IO
HDD-IO
PCIe固态存储-TPS
HDD-TPS
PCIe固态存储-writes
HDD-Writes
PCIe固态存储-reads
HDD-Reads
PCIe固态存储-Response-time
HDD-Response_time
PCIe固态存储-errors
HDD-Errors
结论：（监控参数相同的情况下--oltp_tables_count=50 --oltp-table-size=100000000 --num-threads=1000 --oltp-read-only=off --rand-type=uniform ）
TPS：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行的5.63倍
writes：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行的5.58倍
reads：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行的5.55倍
Response_time：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行比在HDD上运行响应时间快44.45倍
Errors：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上运行是在HDD上运行错误率低83.5倍
2、随机IO测试（这里就不再上图了）
数据准备（创建70G文件）注意：文件大小需要大于内存大小
sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=70G --file-test-mode=rndrw --init-rng=on --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 prepare
测试阶段
sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=70G --file-test-mode=rndrw --init-rng=on --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 run
清楚测试数据
sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=70G --file-test-mode=rndrw --init-rng=on --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 clean
随机读写混合
PCIe固态存储
Operations performed: 1789098 reads, 1192732 writes, 3816704 Other= 6798534 Total
Read 27.299Gb Written 18.2Gb Total transferred 45.499Gb (155.3Mb/sec)
9939.43 Requests/sec executed
General statistics:
total time: 300.0001s
total number of events: 2981830
total time taken by event execution: 214.9376s
response time:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.07ms
max: 7.26ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.23ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 2981830.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 214.9376/0.00
HDD
Operations performed: 85851 reads, 57234 writes, 183040 Other =326125 Total
Read 1.31Gb Written 894.28Mb Totaltransferred 2.1833Gb (7.4523Mb/sec)
476.95 Requests/sec executed
General statistics:
total time: 300.0024s
total number of events: 143085
total time taken by event execution: 291.8164s
response time:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 2.04ms
max: 170.33ms
approx. 95 percentile: 5.22ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 143085.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 291.8164/0.00
随机写
PCIe固态存储
Operations performed: 0 reads, 10441500 writes, 13365074 Other =23806574 Total
Read 0b Written 159.32Gb Totaltransferred 159.32Gb (271.91Mb/sec)
17402.24 Requests/sec executed
General statistics:
total time: 600.0090s
total number of events: 10441500
total time taken by event execution: 168.8168s
response time:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.02ms
max: 0.71ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.02ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10441500.0000/0.00
execution time(avg/stddev): 168.8168/0.00
HDD
Operationsperformed: 0 reads, 427200 writes,546689 Other = 973889 Total
Read 0b Written 6.5186Gb Total transferred 6.5186Gb (11.125Mb/sec)
712.00 Requests/sec executed
Generalstatistics:
total time: 600.0002s
total number of events: 427200
total time taken by event execution:10.5053s
response time:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 0.02ms
max: 29.30ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.03ms
Threadsfairness:
events (avg/stddev): 427200.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 10.5053/0.00
随机读
PCIe固态存储
Operationsperformed: 3898994 reads, 0 writes, 0Other = 3898994 Total
Read59.494Gb Written 0b Total transferred 59.494Gb (203.07Mb/sec)
12996.64Requests/sec executed
Generalstatistics:
total time: 300.0001s
total number of events: 3898994
total time taken by event execution:294.7603s
response time:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.08ms
max: 30.09ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.24ms
Threadsfairness:
events (avg/stddev): 3898994.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 294.7603/0.00
HDD
Operationsperformed: 131643 reads, 0 writes, 0Other = 131643 Total
Read2.0087Gb Written 0b Total transferred 2.0087Gb (6.8564Mb/sec)
438.81 Requests/sec executed
Generalstatistics:
total time: 300.0014s
total number of events: 131643
total time taken by event execution:299.7703s
response time:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 2.28ms
max: 121.94ms
approx. 95 percentile: 5.34ms
Threadsfairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131643.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 299.7703/0.00
结论：
PCIe固态存储随机读写IO处理能力是HDD随机读写IO处理能力的20倍