Oracle-11G-DataGuard 一主库多备库详细配置
1 说明
基于网上的文档做了补充说明改动形成的文档。
2 判断DataGuard是否安装
select * from v$option where parameter = 'Oracle Data Guard';
3 网络配置
192.168.1.110---------------------------主库-------------实例名----ora11g(ora11g_PD)
192.168.1.111---------------------------备库-------------实例名----ora11g(ora11g_ST)
192.168.1.112---------------------------备库-------------实例名----ora11g(ora11g_SD)
4 监听配置
主库
[oracle@node1~]$ cd /ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@node1]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File:/ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = node1)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY= EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /ora11g/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
(ORACLE_HOME =/ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
[oracle@node1]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File:/ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORA11G_PD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST= 192.168.1.110)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
ORA11G_ST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.111)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
ORA11G_SD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.112)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
备库1
[oracle@node2]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = node2)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY= EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /ora11g/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
(ORACLE_HOME = /ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
[oracle@node2]$ cat tnsnames.ora
ORA11G_PD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.110)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
ORA11G_ST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST =192.168.1.111)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
ORA11G_SD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST =192.168.1.112)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
备库2
[oracle@node3]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = node3)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY= EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /ora11g/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
(ORACLE_HOME = /ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
[oracle@node3]$ cat tnsnames.ora
ORA11G_PD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.110)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
ORA11G_ST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST =192.168.1.111)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
ORA11G_SD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST =192.168.1.112)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
5 主库前期准备
设置强制写日志
SQL> select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
NO
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
YES
6 创建口令文件
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g password=test entries=5
7 修改主库初始化参数
创建主库pfile
sql > create pfile from spfile;
修改pfile
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='ORA11G_PD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ORA11G_PD,ORA11G_ST,ORA11G_SD)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/ora11g/oracle/archiveVALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORA11G_PD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=ORA11G_ST LGWR SYNCVALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORA11G_ST'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3= 'SERVICE=ORA11G_SD LGWR SYNCVALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORA11G_SD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_3=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
FAL_SERVER='ora11g_st,ora11g_sd'
FAL_CLIENT='ora11g_pd'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
Pfile 拷贝到备库1、2上
[node1]$scp -rp /ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.oranode2:/ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[node1]$scp -rp /ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.oranode2:/ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
8 修改数据库运行在归档模式下
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
9 创建备份库需要的控制文件
创建控制文件
Shutdown immediate
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/ora11g/oracle/ora11g01.ctl';
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
创建主库spfile
Shutdown immediate
startuppfile='/ora11g/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'
sql>create spfile from pfile='/ora11g/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'
;
(先把原来的干掉)
shutdown immediate;
startup
10 备份生产数据库
scp -rp /ora11g/oracle/oradata/ORA11G node2:/u01/oradata/
scp -rp /ora11g/oracle/admin/ORA11G node2:/ora11g/oracle/admin(记得在备库1、2创建admin)
11 修改备库1的pfile
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='ORA11G_ST'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ORA11G_PD,ORA11G_ST)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/ora11g/oracle/archiveVALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORA11G_ST'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=ORA11G_PD LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORA11G_PD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
FAL_SERVER=ORA11G_PD
FAL_CLIENT=ORA11G_ST
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
12 修改备库2的pfile
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='ORA11G_SD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ORA11G_PD,ORA11G_SD)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/ora11g/oracle/archiveVALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORA11G_SD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=ORA11G_PD LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORA11G_PD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
FAL_SERVER=ORA11G_PD
FAL_CLIENT=ORA11G_SD
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
13 将控制文件拷贝到备库1、2
[node1]$scp -rp /ora11g/oracle/ora11g01.ctlnode2:/ora11g/oracle/oradata/ORA11G/
[node1]$scp -rp /ora11g/oracle/ora11g01.ctlnode2:/ora11g/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/controlfile/
[node1]$scp –rp /ora11g/oracle/ora11g01.ctl node3:/ora11g/oracle/oradata/ORA11G/
[node1]$scp -rp /ora11g/oracle/ora11g01.ctlnode3:/ora11g/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/controlfile/
14 在备库1、2上创建口令文件
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g password=oracle entries=5
15 在备库1、2上创建spfile
SQL>Shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup;
SQL>pfile='/ora11g/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora';
SQL>CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
16 启动物理备用数据库1、2
STARTUPMOUNT;
17 配置Standby Redo Log
在主备库两边都配置standby redo log
在主库查看日志组的数量和每个日志文件的大小
SQL> SELECT GROUP#, BYTES FROM V$LOG;
在备库库查看日志组的数量和每个日志文件的大小
SQL> SELECT GROUP#, BYTES FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
创建日志组和redo log文件
SQL> alter database add standby logfile
group 4 ('/ora11g/oracle/oracle/oradata/highfly/stdby_redo04.log') size50m,
group 5 ('/ora11g/oracle/oracle/oradata/highfly/stdby_redo05.log')size 50m,
group 6 ('/ora11g/oracle/oracle/oradata/highfly/stdby_redo06.log')size 50m,
group 7 ('/ora11g/oracle/oracle/oradata/highfly/stdby_redo07.log') size50m;
18 Start Redo Apply
在备库
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USINGCURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
SQL>alter user scott account lock;
查看哪些归档日志被APPLY了
在备库
SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
在主库强制日志切换到当前的online redo log file.
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;
在备库查看新的被归档的redo data
SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROMV$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
在备库查看接收到的被应用的redo
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BYSEQUENCE#;
查看数据库的角色
SQL>select database_role,protection_mode,protection_levelfrom v$database;
19 主备库切换
1.查看主库的状态
SQL> SELECTSWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
2.将主库切换至备用模式
SQL> ALTERDATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH -
> SESSION SHUTDOWN;
3.关闭、装载主数据库
SQL> SHUTDOWNABORT;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
4.查看备库准备向主库模式切换
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-----------------
TO_PRIMARY
1 row selected
5.切换备库至主库模式
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSIONSHUTDOWN;
6.打开新的主数据库
SQL> ALTER DATABASEOPEN;
7. 在新的备库服务器上启动 REDO apply。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBYDATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE -
> DISCONNECT FROMSESSION;
20 灾难恢复（failover）
Step 1
Flushany unsent redo from the primary database to the target standby
database
SQL> ALTER SYSTEMFLUSH REDO TO target_db_name;
Step 2
Verify that the standby database has the mostrecently archived redo log
filefor each primary database redo thread.
SQL>SELECT UNIQUE THREAD# AS THREAD, MAX(SEQUENCE#) -
> OVER (PARTITION BYthread#) AS LAST from V$ARCHIVED_LOG;
SQL> ALTER DATABASEREGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';
Step 3
Identifyand resolve any archived redo log gaps.
SQL> SELECT THREAD#,LOW_SEQUENCE#, HIGH_SEQUENCE# FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP;
SQL> ALTER DATABASEREGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';
Step 4
RepeatStep 3 until all gaps are resolved.
Step 5
StopRedo Apply.
Issuethe following SQL statement on the target standby database:
SQL> ALTER DATABASERECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Step 6
Finishapplying all received redo data.
Issuethe following SQL statement on the target standby database:
SQL> ALTER DATABASERECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH;
Step 7
Verifythat the target standby database is ready to become a primary
database.
Step 8
Switchthe physical standby database to the primary role.
Issuethe following SQL statement on the target standby database:
SQL> ALTER DATABASECOMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
Step 9
Openthe new primary database.
SQL> ALTER DATABASEOPEN;
Step10
Backup the new primary database.
Oracle recommendsthat a full backup be taken of the new primary database.
Step11
RestartRedo Apply if it has stopped at any of the other physical standby
databasesin your Data Guard configuration.
Forexample:
SQL> ALTERDATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE -
> DISCONNECT FROMSESSION;
附：
1. 启动到管理模式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standbydatabase disconnect from session;
2.启动到只读方式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database open read only;
3如果在管理恢复模式下到只读模式
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> alter database open read only;