学习加密(二)Spring Boot 使用AES对称加密,前后端传递参数加解密
前言:
1.最近要做一个安全性稍微高一点的项目,首先就想到了要对参数加密,和采用https协议.
2.以前对加密这块不了解,查阅了很多资料,加密方式很多种,但是大概区分两种,一个就是对称加密(DES,3DES,AES,IDEA等),另外一个就是非对称加密(RSA,Elgamal,背包算法,Rabin,D-H等)
3.这两种区别还是有的,粗浅的说:
(1)对称加密方式效率高,但是有泄露风险
(2)非对称加密方式效率比对称加密方式效率低,但是基本上没有泄露风险
4.如果想了解加密的,请先看我整理的另外一篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_38990811/article/details/83386312
使用对称加密方式(AES)实践:
1.创建spring boot项目,导入相关依赖
2.编写加密工具类
3.编写自定义注解(让加解密细粒度)
4.编写自定义DecodeRequestAdvice和EncodeResponseBodyAdvice
5.创建controller
6.创建jsp或者html,引入js(加密和解密的通用js)
ps:因为这里没https证书,所有使用http, 考虑到前后端分离,使用json来传递数据
第一步: 略,不会的请自行百度spring boot项目如何创建!
第二步:
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.JSONPObject;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 前后端数据传输加密工具类
* @author monkey
*
*/
public class AesEncryptUtils {
//可配置到Constant中，并读取配置文件注入,16位,自己定义
private static final String KEY = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
//参数分别代表 算法名称/加密模式/数据填充方式
private static final String ALGORITHMSTR = "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding";
/**
* 加密
* @param content 加密的字符串
* @param encryptKey key值
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String encrypt(String content, String encryptKey) throws Exception {
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
kgen.init(128);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHMSTR);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(encryptKey.getBytes(), "AES"));
byte[] b = cipher.doFinal(content.getBytes("utf-8"));
// 采用base64算法进行转码,避免出现中文乱码
return Base64.encodeBase64String(b);
}
/**
* 解密
* @param encryptStr 解密的字符串
* @param decryptKey 解密的key值
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String decrypt(String encryptStr, String decryptKey) throws Exception {
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
kgen.init(128);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHMSTR);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(decryptKey.getBytes(), "AES"));
// 采用base64算法进行转码,避免出现中文乱码
byte[] encryptBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(encryptStr);
byte[] decryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes);
return new String(decryptBytes);
}
public static String encrypt(String content) throws Exception {
return encrypt(content, KEY);
}
public static String decrypt(String encryptStr) throws Exception {
return decrypt(encryptStr, KEY);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Map map=new HashMap();
map.put("key","value");
map.put("中文","汉字");
String content = JSONObject.toJSONString(map);
System.out.println("加密前：" + content);
String encrypt = encrypt(content, KEY);
System.out.println("加密后：" + encrypt);
String decrypt = decrypt(encrypt, KEY);
System.out.println("解密后：" + decrypt);
}
} 第三步:
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.Mapping;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* @author monkey
* @desc 请求数据解密
* @date 2018/10/25 20:17
*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Mapping
@Documented
public @interface SecurityParameter {
/**
* 入参是否解密，默认解密
*/
boolean inDecode() default true;
/**
* 出参是否加密，默认加密
*/
boolean outEncode() default true;
}第四步:
DecodeRequestAdvice类
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
/**
* @author monkey
* @desc 请求数据解密
* @date 2018/10/25 20:17
*/
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.xxx.springboot.demo.controller")
public class DecodeRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DecodeRequestBodyAdvice.class);
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage httpInputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) {
return body;
}
@Override
public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) throws IOException {
try {
boolean encode = false;
if (methodParameter.getMethod().isAnnotationPresent(SecurityParameter.class)) {
//获取注解配置的包含和去除字段
SecurityParameter serializedField = methodParameter.getMethodAnnotation(SecurityParameter.class);
//入参是否需要解密
encode = serializedField.inDecode();
}
if (encode) {
logger.info("对方法method :【" + methodParameter.getMethod().getName() + "】返回数据进行解密");
return new MyHttpInputMessage(inputMessage);
}else{
return inputMessage;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("对方法method :【" + methodParameter.getMethod().getName() + "】返回数据进行解密出现异常："+e.getMessage());
return inputMessage;
}
}
@Override
public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage httpInputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) {
return body;
}
class MyHttpInputMessage implements HttpInputMessage {
private HttpHeaders headers;
private InputStream body;
public MyHttpInputMessage(HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws Exception {
this.headers = inputMessage.getHeaders();
this.body = IOUtils.toInputStream(AesEncryptUtils.decrypt(easpString(IOUtils.toString(inputMessage.getBody(), "UTF-8"))), "UTF-8");
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
return body;
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
return headers;
}
/**
*
* @param requestData
* @return
*/
public String easpString(String requestData){
if(requestData != null && !requestData.equals("")){
String s = "{\"requestData\":";
if(!requestData.startsWith(s)){
throw new RuntimeException("参数【requestData】缺失异常！");
}else{
int closeLen = requestData.length()-1;
int openLen = "{\"requestData\":".length();
String substring = StringUtils.substring(requestData, openLen, closeLen);
return substring;
}
}
return "";
}
}
EncodeResponseAdvice类:
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
/**
* @author monkey
* @desc 返回数据加密
* @date 2018/10/25 20:17
*/
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.xxx.springboot.demo.controller")
public class EncodeResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {
private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EncodeResponseBodyAdvice.class);
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class aClass) {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class aClass, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {
boolean encode = false;
if (methodParameter.getMethod().isAnnotationPresent(SecurityParameter.class)) {
//获取注解配置的包含和去除字段
SecurityParameter serializedField = methodParameter.getMethodAnnotation(SecurityParameter.class);
//出参是否需要加密
encode = serializedField.outEncode();
}
if (encode) {
logger.info("对方法method :【" + methodParameter.getMethod().getName() + "】返回数据进行加密");
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
String result = objectMapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(body);
return AesEncryptUtils.encrypt(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("对方法method :【" + methodParameter.getMethod().getName() + "】返回数据进行解密出现异常："+e.getMessage());
}
}
return body;
}
}第五步:
@Controller
public class TestController {
/*
* 测试返回数据，会自动加密
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/get")
@ResponseBody
@SecurityParameter
public Object get() {
Persion info = new Persion();
info.setName("好看");
return info;
}
/*
* 自动解密，并将返回信息加密
* @param info
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/save")
@ResponseBody
@SecurityParameter
public Object save(@RequestBody Persion info) {
System.out.println(info.getName());
return info;
}
}第六步:
引入js文件:地址https://download.csdn.net/download/baidu_38990811/10744745
由于spring boot默认不支持jsp,所以我为了方便直接采用了thymeleaf模板引擎,用法其实很简单,有兴趣的可以去学学
后记:
静态页面的return默认是跳转到/static/index.html，当在pom.xml中引入了thymeleaf组件，动态跳转会覆盖默认的静态跳转，默认就会跳转到/templates/index.html，所以只需要访问http://localhost:8080就可以了，动态没有html后缀。
整个流程,我已经测试过了,完全没问题,只不过,采用对称加密,秘钥相同,前后端都需要拿到秘钥才能进行加解密,这样就有秘钥泄露的风险了,服务端还好说一点,安全稍微高点,但是前端就比较有风险,所以前端要考虑,js进行混淆和加密,当然只能让风险降低,也不是完全没风险了!!!
后续可以考虑: 对称加密和非对称加密联合使用来进行加密,各取长处,但是代码要复杂些!
参考文章:
1. https://github.com/yinjihuan/spring-boot-starter-encrypt (仔细看)
2.https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32079585/article/details/77867097 (可以快速看)
3.https://blog.csdn.net/junmoxi/article/details/80917234?utm_source=blogxgwz2 (复杂的方式,不过扩展的好)
4.https://blog.csdn.net/huang812561/article/details/79424041?utm_source=blogxgwz1(参考)