（超详细）centos7.2离线安装mysql5.7.18.tar.gz

因为网络隔离，无法使用yum方式安装mysql，这里介绍linux服务器上手动离线安装mysql的方法。

目的

离线安装mysql服务
服务器：centos7.2，配置本地yum源
mysql版本：mysql5.7.18

步骤

1. 下载安装包mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz，安装包传输到目的服务器/tmp目录
2. my.cnf文件（见文末）传输到目的服务器的/tmp目录
3. 创建用户和相应文件夹：

# prepare
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
yum install -y autoconf
mkdir /apps
mkdir /logs
mkdir /data
mkdir -p /data/mysql7006/data && chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql7006
mkdir /logs/mysql7006 && chown -R mysql:mysql /logs/mysql7006
touch /logs/mysql7006/error-log.err && chown -R mysql:mysql /logs/mysql7006/error-log.err

4. 安装

cd /tmp
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
mv mysql /apps/mysql
cp my.cnf /apps/mysql/

chown -R mysql:mysql /apps/mysql/
# 初始化数据库，
cd /apps/mysql
./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/apps/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql7006/data/

初始化过程中会生成一个默认密码记得记下来，后续修改用。

5. 注册service（可以不做）

# 依据情况修改support-files/mysql.server
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
systemctl start mysql.service

# 添加开机启动
chkconfig mysql.server on

6. 启动数据库/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/apps/mysql/my.cnf &
7. 修改默认密码：

/apps/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password' --port=7006 --socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock -p
# 修改后清空linux的history记录
history -c

# 登陆测试：
/apps/mysql/bin/mysql -u root --port=7006 --socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock -p

8. 防火墙、赋权（按需做）

# 防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=7006/tcp --permanent
systemctl restart firewalld
firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=7006/tcp
# 赋权给登陆用户
use mysql;
grant all privileges  on *.* to user@'ip' identified by "password";
flush privileges;
select host,user,password from user;

9. 本地隐藏密码登录（可以不做）

## 使用mysql_config_editor 制作登录文件
/apps/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor set --login-path=root_pass --user=root --port=7006 --socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock --password
## 输入密码：******
## 文件会加密存储于用户根目录下.mylogin.cnf
/apps/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor print --all
## 下次登录时直接敲：
/apps/mysql/bin/mysql --login-path=root_pass

# 再省事一些：set alias
# 打开file .bashrc，添加
alias db7006='/apps/mysql/bin/mysql --login-path=root_pass'
# 然后退出执行：
source .bashrc
## 下次登录时直接敲：
db7006

附录

my.cnf文件

主要功能：全局utf8字符集、自定义端口、数据文件夹、日志文件夹、默认引擎innodb（支持事务，对xtrabackup友好）、跳过客户端登陆时的dns解析

[client]
port=7006
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
secure_file_priv="/"
character-set-server=utf8
user=mysql
server_id=20180917
port=7006
socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql7006/mysql.pid
basedir=/apps/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql7006/data
log-error=/logs/mysql7006/error-log
log-bin=/logs/mysql7006/bin-log

max_allowed_packet             = 64M
default_storage_engine         = InnoDB
innodb_strict_mode             = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 5G
innodb_stats_on_metadata       = 0
innodb_file_format             = Barracuda
innodb_flush_method            = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_files_in_group      = 2
innodb_log_file_size           = 4G
innodb_log_buffer_size         = 128M
innodb_file_per_table          = 1
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct     = 60
innodb_io_capacity             = 4000
lower_case_table_names         = 1

#ADD INNODB
innodb_buffer_pool_instances   = 16
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_adaptive_flushing       = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency      = 0
innodb_stats_persistent        = 1
innodb_purge_threads           = 4
innodb_use_native_aio          = 1

##innodb_use_sys_malloc        = 1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode       = 2
innodb_change_buffering        = inserts
innodb_read_io_threads         = 16
innodb_write_io_threads        = 16
expire_logs_days               = 30

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
key_buffer_size                = 32M
tmp_table_size                 = 256M
max_heap_table_size            = 256M

table_open_cache               = 4096
query_cache_type               = 0
query_cache_size               = 0
max_connections                = 2000
thread_cache_size              = 1024
open_files_limit               = 65535

#ADD OTHERS
metadata_locks_hash_instances  = 256
table_open_cache_instances     = 16
back_log                       = 1500

wait_timeout                   = 3600
interactive_timeout            = 3600
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
log_slave_updates=ON
binlog_checksum=NONE
binlog_format=ROW
transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'