libux创建逻辑卷及扩展
如果你磁盘分区是用LVM的话可以实现动态分配，直接用lvextend；
如果用传统分区的话，可以在分区上面再fdisk出需要的容量，然后挂载mount到主磁盘就行了。
此处讲的是lvm的lvextend
一、创建逻辑卷
[linux@localhost Desktop]$ su //切换root
Password:
[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk -l //显示详解
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00053377
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
#创建分区
[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb //对sdb磁盘进行操作
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m //m查看文档
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n //n新建
Command action
e extended //扩展区
p primary partition (1-4) //主分区
p
Partition number (1-4): 1 //编号1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): //直接回车 什么都不甜 避免空间浪费
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +3G //多大容量
Command (m for help): p //查看情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x609a0236
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 393 3156741 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w //保存 否则以上操作不管用
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
#查看
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h //磁盘空间占用情况
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 18G 4.0G 13G 24% /
tmpfs 491M 372K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot
[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk -l //显示详解
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00053377
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5b4abd65
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 393 3156741 83 Linux
#物理卷
[root@localhost Desktop]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 //创建物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@localhost Desktop]# pvscan //扫描物理卷
PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [3.01 GiB]
Total: 1 [3.01 GiB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 1 [3.01 GiB]
[root@localhost Desktop]# pvdisplay //显示物理卷
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "3.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 3.01 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID J4aKkI-9cja-HVDC-NYlF-exvn-W80z-3qOpJ6
#卷组
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgscan //扫描卷组
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
No volume groups found
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgdisplay //显示卷组
No volume groups found
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgcreate vg_data1 /dev/sdb1 //创建卷组
Volume group "vg_data1" successfully created
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "vg_data1" using metadata type lvm2
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_data1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 3.01 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 770
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 770 / 3.01 GiB
VG UUID dxDgwz-jipx-UNZT-XZg7-cLpD-xaOv-wqh4yJ
#逻辑卷
[root@localhost Desktop]# lvscan //扫描逻辑卷
[root@localhost Desktop]# lvdisplay //显示逻辑卷
[root@localhost Desktop]# lvcreate -L 3G -nlv_box vg_data1 //创建指定大小和名称的逻辑卷
Logical volume "lv_box" created
[root@localhost Desktop]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_data1/lv_box' [3.00 GiB] inherit
[root@localhost Desktop]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_data1/lv_box
LV Name lv_box
VG Name vg_data1
LV UUID jzTiCF-RgnF-qHLo-2yLu-eAS5-L19n-Dtx4Pv
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-12-12 07:25:36 -0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 768
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
#格式化逻辑卷
[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg_data1/lv_box
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
196608 inodes, 786432 blocks
39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
#uuid和挂载
[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir /boxs //创建文件夹
[root@localhost Desktop]# blkid /dev/vg_data1/lv_box //blkid查看分区的UUID
/dev/vg_data1/lv_box: UUID="4a583261-6b27-4cf1-a152-91a9e9a6961f" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
[root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/vg_data1/lv_box /boxs //
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 18G 4.0G 13G 24% /
tmpfs 491M 372K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data1-lv_box 3.0G 69M 2.8G 3% /boxs
#添加UUID="4a583261-6b27-4cf1-a152-91a9e9a6961f" /boxs ext3 defaults 0 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab //将逻辑卷设置为开机自动挂载
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 18G 4.0G 13G 24% /
tmpfs 491M 372K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data1-lv_box 3.0G 69M 2.8G 3% /boxs
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls -l /dev/vg_data1/lv_box
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Dec 12 07:37 /dev/vg_data1/lv_box -> ../dm-0
# /dev/mapper/vg_data1-lv_box是/dev/vg_data1/lv_box的链接二、扩展逻辑卷
#新创建一个分区
[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 4
First cylinder (394-2610, default 394):
Using default value 394
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (394-2610, default 2610): +4G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5b4abd65
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 393 3156741 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 394 916 4200997+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
#创建物理卷
[root@localhost Desktop]# pvcreate /dev/sdb4
dev_is_mpath: failed to get device for 8:20
Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created
[root@localhost Desktop]# pvscan
PV /dev/sdb1 VG vg_data1 lvm2 [3.01 GiB / 8.00 MiB free]
PV /dev/sdb4 lvm2 [4.01 GiB]
Total: 2 [7.01 GiB] / in use: 1 [3.01 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [4.01 GiB]
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "vg_data1" using metadata type lvm2
#扩展卷组
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgextend vg_data1 /dev/sdb4
Volume group "vg_data1" successfully extended
[root@localhost Desktop]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_data1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 7.01 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1795
Alloc PE / Size 768 / 3.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 1027 / 4.01 GiB
VG UUID dxDgwz-jipx-UNZT-XZg7-cLpD-xaOv-wqh4yJ
#扩展逻辑卷
[root@localhost Desktop]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_data1/lv_box
LV Name lv_box
VG Name vg_data1
LV UUID jzTiCF-RgnF-qHLo-2yLu-eAS5-L19n-Dtx4Pv
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-12-12 07:25:36 -0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 768
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@localhost Desktop]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg_data1/lv_box
Extending logical volume lv_box to 5.00 GiB
Logical volume lv_box successfully resized接着用 dh –f，发现实际容量并没有变化，
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 18G 4.0G 13G 24% /
tmpfs 491M 80K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data1-lv_box 3.0G 69M 2.8G 3% /boxs因为我们的系统还不认识刚刚添加进来的磁盘的文件系统，所以还需要对文件系统进行扩容。
[root@localhost Desktop]# resize2fs /dev/vg_data1/lv_box //让系统重新识别逻辑卷的大小
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_data1/lv_box is mounted on /boxs; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_data1/lv_box to 1310720 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_data1/lv_box is now 1310720 blocks long.
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 18G 4.0G 13G 24% /
tmpfs 491M 80K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data1-lv_box 5.0G 71M 4.7G 2% /boxs扩展逻辑卷的格式：
lvextend -L +需要增加的大小 /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名
lvextend -L 扩展后总的大小 /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名
lvextend -l PE的数量 /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名
过程中遇到的问题：
1、逻辑卷已经有了之后，再创建物理卷时，会出现以下情况
pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Device /dev/sdb2 not found (or ignored by filtering).此时，可以通过“partprobe；”命令或者重启虚拟机
试过几次partprobe后不管用就直接重启了，再创建一次就好了
2、用命令“ fdisk -l |grep lvm”查看，没有lvm的分区
将分区类型改为8e—-LVM
[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5b4abd65
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 393 3156741 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb4 394 916 4200997+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
查看lvm
[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00053377
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5b4abd65
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 393 3156741 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb4 394 916 4200997+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_data1-lv_box: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk -l |grep LVM //查看磁盘占用情况并且是lvm的
/dev/sdb1 1 393 3156741 8e Linux LVM
参考：http://blog.51cto.com/9265519/1566962
和http://blog.csdn.net/valage/article/details/73332147
1、vgs查看下服务器上是否还存在多余的卷组资源
2、lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root # 此操作是把卷组中空闲的资源都分给root
3、 resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
4、xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root