Linux环境MySQL数据库insert记录中文乱码1366问题
Linux环境MySQL数据库insert记录中文乱码问题
- 出错场景
- 问题分析
- 解决步骤
- 参考资料
出错场景
环境： Linux CentOS 7.4.1708 (Core) 、MySQL 5.7.24, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64)
数据库pcsdb建库时指定gbk字符集，insert SQL语句中列的值若含有中文，执行insert语句时报1366错误。
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: ‘\xB2\xD9\xD7\xF7\xC1\xF7…’ for column ‘seq_desc’ at row 1
MYSQL 相关SQL语句
-- database
CREATE DATABASE `pcsdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
-- table
CREATE TABLE `pcs_seq` (
`seq_id` int(2) NOT NULL,
`seq_type` char(2) NOT NULL,
`seq_no` int(6) NOT NULL,
`seq_desc` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`seq_id`,`seq_type`)
);
-- insert
insert into pcs_seq (`seq_id`, `seq_type`, `seq_no`, `seq_desc`)
values (1, '01', 1, '操作流水号');
问题分析
根据提示信息，断定为insert语句的中文字符集与数据库字符集设置不一致导致。
登录数据库，执行status或\s查看数据库状态信息，注意字符集设置信息。
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.24, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 8
Current database: pcsdb
Current user: pcsdb@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.24-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: gbk
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 36 min 48 sec
Threads: 3 Questions: 651 Slow queries: 1 Opens: 704 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 265 Queries per second avg: 0.294
--------------
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | gbk |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
show variables like ‘%char%’ 简要介绍
| 序号 | 字符集设置 | 简单描述 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | character_set_client | 客户端使用的字符集 |
| 2 | character_set_connection | 连接数据库字符集，若不指定 则使用 服务器端默认字符集 |
| 3 | character_set_database | 数据库服务器中的某个库使用的字符集，若建库时不指定，则使用MYSQL服务器安装时指定的字符集 |
| 4 | character_set_results | 返给客服端返回记录时使用的字符集，若不指定 则使用 服务器端默认字符集 |
| 5 | character_set_server | MYSQL服务器安装时指定的字符集，建议由系统自定定义 |
以下3个系统设置不会影响乱码等问题，基本上不需关心。
| 序号 | 字符集设置 | 简单描述 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | character_set_filesystem | 文件系统的字符集，binary 不做任何转换 |
| 2 | character_set_system | MYSQL数据库系统使用的字符集 |
| 3 | character_sets_dir | 数据库字符集安装目录 |
更改以上字符集直接 set character_set_xxxx = “gbk”; （xxxx写以上的变量名）
解决步骤
- 查看建库时指定的字符集
show create database dbname1 命令
mysql> show create database pcsdb;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| pcsdb | CREATE DATABASE `pcsdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看建表时指定的字符集
show create table tblname1 命令
mysql> show create table pcs_seq;
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| pcs_seq | CREATE TABLE `pcs_seq` (
`seq_id` int(2) NOT NULL,
`seq_type` char(2) NOT NULL,
`seq_no` int(6) NOT NULL,
`seq_desc` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`seq_id`,`seq_type`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show full columns from pcs_seq;
+----------+--------------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+----------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+----------+--------------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+----------------------+---------+
| seq_id | int(2) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | | select,insert,update | |
| seq_type | char(2) | gbk_chinese_ci | NO | PRI | NULL | | select,insert,update | |
| seq_no | int(6) | NULL | NO | | NULL | | select,insert,update | |
| seq_desc | varchar(100) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update | |
+----------+--------------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+----------------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改客户端 与 连接 的字符集
- 临时解决方案 使用
SET NAMES gbk - 永久解决方案 修改my.cnf2 文件，重新启动MySQL
vi my.cnf
[mysqld]下增加如下设置:
init_connect=‘SET NAMES gbk’)
mysql> set names gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>\s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.24, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 9
Current database: pcsdb
Current user: pcsdb@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.24-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: gbk
Client characterset: gbk
Conn. characterset: gbk
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 1 hour 7 min 51 sec
- 执行 insert 语句进行验证
mysql> insert into pcs_seq (`seq_id`, `seq_type`, `seq_no`, `seq_desc`) values (1, '01', 1, '操作流水号');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from `pcs_seq`;
+--------+----------+--------+------------+
| seq_id | seq_type | seq_no | seq_desc |
+--------+----------+--------+------------+
| 1 | 01 | 1 | 操作流水号 |
+--------+----------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
参考资料
MySQL错误代码：mysql/include/mysqld_error.h
- 如有 错误之处 还请多多指正。希望能给您带来帮助。
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