linux下搭建SVN服务器完全手册

系统环境
        RHEL5.4最小化安装(关iptables,关selinux) + ssh + yum

一，安装必须的软件包.
        yum install subversion (SVN服务器)
                    mysql-server (用于codestriker)
                    httpd mod_dav_svn mod_perl (用于支持WEB方式管理SVN服务器)
                    sendmail (用于配置用户提交代码后发邮件提醒)
                    wget gcc-c++ make unzip perl* (必备软件包)
                    ntsysv vim-enhanced (可选)

二，基本的SVN服务器配置
        1，新建一个目录用于存储SVN所有文件
                # mkdir /home/svn

        2，新建一个版本仓库
                # svnadmin create /home/svn/project

        3，初始化版本仓库中的目录
                # mkdir project project/server project/client project/test (建立临时目录)
                # svn import project/ file:///home/svn/project -m "初始化SVN目录"
                # rm -rf project (删除临时建立的目录)

        4，添加用户
                要添加SVN用户非常简单，只需在/home/svn/project/conf/passwd文件添加一个形如“username=password"的条目就可以了.为了测试，我添加了如下内容:
                [users]
                # harry = harryssecret
                # sally = sallyssecret
                pm = pm_pw
                server_group = server_pw
                client_group = client_pw
                test_group = test_pw

        5，修改用户访问策略
                /home/svn/project/conf/authz记录用户的访问策略，以下是参考:
                        [groups]
                        project_p = pm
                        project_s = server_group
                        project_c = client_group
                        project_t = test_group
                        
                        [project:/]
                        @project_p = rw
                        * =
                        
                        [project:/server]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_s = rw
                        * =
                        
                        [project:/client]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_c = rw
                        * =
                        
                        [project:/doc]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_s = rw
                        @project_c = rw
                        @project_t = rw
                        * =
                以上信息表示，只有pm有根目录的读写权，server_group能访问server目录，client_group能访问client目录，所有人都可以访问doc目录.

        6，修改svnserve.conf文件,让用户和策略配置升效.
                svnserve.conf内容如下:
                        [general]
                        anon-access = none
                        auth-access = write
                        password-db = /home/svn/project/conf/passwd
                        authz-db = /home/svn/project/conf/authz

        7，启动服务器
                # svnserve -d -r /home/svn

        8，测试服务器
                # svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                Authentication realm: 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Password for 'root': 
                Authentication realm: 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Username: server_group
                Password for 'server_group': 
                svn: Authorization failed ( server_group没用根目录的访问权 )

                # svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                Authentication realm: 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Password for 'root': 
                Authentication realm: 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Username: pm
                Password for 'pm': 
                A    project/test
                A    project/server
                A    project/client
                Checked out revision 1.  ( 测试提取成功 )

                # cd project/server
                # vim main.c
                # svn add main.c 
                # svn commit main.c -m "测试一下我的C程序,看什么看,不行啊??"
                Adding         main.c
                Transmitting file data .
                Committed revision 2.  ( 测试提交成功 )

三，配置SVN服务器的HTTP支持
        1，转换SVN服务器的密码
                由于SVN服务器的密码是明文的，HTTP服务器不与支持，所以需要转换成HTTP支持的格式。我写了一个Perl脚本完成这个工作.
                脚本内容如下:
                # cd /home/svn/project/conf/
                # cat PtoWP.pl 
                #!/usr/bin/perl
                # write by huabo, 2009-11-20
                
                use warnings;
                use strict;
                
                #open the svn passwd file
                open (FILE, "passwd") or die ("Cannot open the passwd file!!!\n");
                
                #clear the apache passwd file
                open (OUT_FILE, ">webpasswd") or die ("Cannot open the webpasswd file!!!\n");
                close (OUT_FILE);
                
                #begin
                foreach () {
                    if($_ =~ m/^[^#].*=/) {
                        $_ =~ s/=//;
                        `htpasswd -b webpasswd $_`;
                    }
                }

                # ./PtoWP.pl ( 先给该脚本加可执行权限，然后执行以转换密码 )
                Adding password for user pm
                Adding password for user server_group
                Adding password for user client_group
                Adding password for user test_group
                现在目录下会多一个webpasswd文件。

        2，修改httpd.conf，添加关于SVN服务器的内容
                编辑/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf，在最后添加如下信息:
               
                    DAV svn
                    SVNPath /home/svn/project/
                    AuthType Basic
                    AuthName "svn for project" 
                    AuthUserFile /home/svn/project/conf/webpasswd 
                    AuthzSVNAccessFile /home/svn/project/conf/authz
                    Satisfy all
                    Require valid-user
               

        3，启动HTTPD服务器
                # service httpd restart
                Stopping httpd:                                            [FAILED]
                Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

        4，用浏览器访问http://192.168.60.10/project/server/测试
                测试结果如下图所示：

                ( 测试成功 )

四，配置邮件提醒支持
        1，安装Perl模块Module::Build
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DA/DAGOLDEN/Module-Build-0.36_11.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Module-Build-0.36_11.tar.gz 
                # cd Module-Build-0.36_11
                # perl Build.PL 
                # ./Build 
                # ./Build test
                # ./Build install
                # cd ..

        2，安装Perl模块Authen::SASL
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GB/GBARR/Authen-SASL-2.15.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Authen-SASL-2.15.tar.gz 
                # cd Authen-SASL-2.15
                # perl Makefile.PL 
                # make test
                # make install
                # cd ..

        3，安装Perl模块Net::SMTP_auth
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AP/APLEINER/Net-SMTP_auth-0.08.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Net-SMTP_auth-0.08.tar.gz 
                # cd Net-SMTP_auth-0.08
                # perl Makefile.PL 
                # make test
                # make install
                # cd ..

        4，安装Perl模块SVN::Notify
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DW/DWHEELER/SVN-Notify-2.80.tar.gz
                # tar xvf SVN-Notify-2.80.tar.gz 
                # cd SVN-Notify-2.80
                # perl Build.PL 
                # ./Build 
                # ./Build test
                # ./Build install
                # cd ..

        5，启动邮件服务器
                # service sendmail restart
                Shutting down sendmail:                                    [FAILED]
                Starting sendmail:                                         [  OK  ]
                Starting sm-client:                                        [  OK  ]

        6，配置自动发邮件脚本
                修改post-commit脚本,以支持邮件通知功能.
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim post-commit
                内容如下:
                #!/bin/sh
                REPOS="$1"
                REV="$2"
                
                /usr/bin/svnnotify --repos-path "$1" --revision "$2" --to [email protected] --from [email protected] --handler "HTML::ColorDiff"  --with-diff --smtp localhost --smtp-user root --smtp-pass 5201314318 -c "UTF-8" -g zh_CN -o raw --svnlook /usr/bin/svnlook --subject-prefix '[SVN Update]'
                (to参数代表接收邮件的地址，可以有多个，当你有多个老大的时候，这就很重要了，：）。from参数是虚拟的，代表你的发送地址，一般情况下，这个参数 不重要，但如果接收者的邮件服务器有反垃圾邮件的功能，需要判定源地址的话，这个参数是否合法就显得很重要了)
                再给该脚本添加可执行权限
                # chmod +x post-commit

        7，再次提交时，就会给指定邮件地址发信了。
                如下图所示:

五，其它常用配置 
        1，强制写log脚本
                配置pre-commit文件，要求用户每次更新文件都必须写log.
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim pre-commit
                文件内容如下:
                #!/bin/sh
                REPOS="$1"
                TXN="$2"
                SVNLOOK=/usr/bin/svnlook
                LOGMSG=`$SVNLOOK log -t "$TXN" "$REPOS" | grep "[a-zA-Z0-9]" | wc -c`
                if [ "$LOGMSG" -lt 5(要求的log长度，依实际需要修改) ];
                then
                 echo -e "\nEmpty log message not allowed. Commit aborted!" 1>&2
                 exit 1
                fi

                配置完成后，给本件加上可执行权限。再提交代码时，就必须按要求写注释了，：）

        2，可修改log脚本
                配置pre-revprop-change文件，此文件在show log中修改log时会运行，得到修改的权限，否则会报错:DAV request failed; it's possible that the repository's pre-revprop-change hook either failed or is non-existent. At least one property change failed; repository is unchanged
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim pre-revprop-change
                文件内容如下:
                REPOS="$1"
                REV="$2"
                USER="$3"
                PROPNAME="$4"
                if ["$PROPNAME" = "svn:log"];then exit 0;fi
                exit 1

                配置完后加可执行权限升效。

六，备份管理
        svn服务器的定期备份是很重要的，最简单的方式是定时备份仓库目录。
        1，新建备份目录
                # mkdir /opt/project_backup

        2，编写备份脚本
                # cd /home/svn/
                # vim project_backup.sh

                内容如下:
                #!/bin/bash
                #write by huabo, 2009-11-20
                
                cd /home/svn
                now=`/bin/date +%Y%m%d`
                /bin/tar czvf "project_backup_$now.tar.gz" project/ && rm -rf /opt/project_backup/* && /bin/mv project_backup_*.tar.gz /opt/project_backup/
                if [ $? == 0 ]
                then
                    result="OK!!"
                else
                    result="False!!"
                fi
                
                #send mail to administrator
                /bin/mail [email protected] -s "project_backup_$now" <
                Result: `/bin/echo $result`
                MESSAGE

                给该脚本添加可执行权限。

        3，设定每天定时执行该脚本.
                # crontab -e
                输入如下内容:
                0 23 * * * /home/svn/project_backup.sh
                表示每天晚上23点运行此脚本。

        经过以上三步操作，就可以自动备份SVN资料了，且不论备份是否成功，都会给用户发送邮件信息。

七，用svnstat分析SVN数据.
        1，安装JAVA
        svnstat是JAVA应用程序，需要先安装JAVA环境。
        下载jre，URL: http://javadl.sun.com/webapps/download/AutoDL?BundleId=39484
        安装:
                # chmod +x jre-6u20-linux-i586-rpm.bin 
                # ./jre-6u20-linux-i586-rpm.bin

        2，下载svnstat
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/svnstat/svnstat/Release-1.0/SvnStat-1.0.zip?use_mirror=jaist
                # unzip SvnStat-1.0.zip 

        3，更新代码
                # pwd
                /root

                # svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                A    project/test
                A    project/server
                A    project/server/main.c
                A    project/client
                Checked out revision 5.

        4，生成svnstat数据
                # svn log project -v --xml --non-interactive > project.log
                # cd SvnStat-1.0
                # java -classpath SvnStat-all.jar de.agentlab.svnstat.SvnStat -jar SvnStat-all.jar -r /root/project.log -d /var/www/html/

        5，用浏览器登录即可看到许多统计出来的图表。大致如下图所示：

(俺的测试代码很少，生成的图不成样子，拿官方的图来充当一下，：）)

八，用statsvn分析SVN数据
        1，下载statsvn
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/statsvn/statsvn/0.7.0/statsvn-0.7.0.zip?use_mirror=jaist
                # unzip statsvn-0.7.0.zip 
                # cd statsvn-0.7.0

        2，生成statsvn数据
                # mkdir /var/www/html/statsvn
                # java -jar statsvn.jar -verbose -output-dir /var/www/html/statsvn/ /root/project.log /root/project

        3，用浏览器测测试效果如下图：

九，配置codestriker.
        1.安装codestriker依赖的perl包.
                # perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Template"'
        
        2.下载codestriker
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/codestriker/codestriker/1.9.10/codestriker-1.9.10.tar.gz?use_mirror=jaist&ts=1279246587
                # mkdir /var/www/codestriker
                # cd /var/www/codestriker
                # tar xvf /path/codestriker-1.9.10.tar.gz 
                # chown -R apache.apache codestriker-1.9.10
                
        3.配置数据库
                # service mysqld restart
                # mysql -uroot mysql
                    执行:
                        CREATE DATABASE codestrikerdb CHARACTER SET utf8;
                        GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX,ALTER,CREATE,DROP,REFERENCES ON codestrikerdb.* TO codestriker@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'cspasswd';
                        FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
                        quit
        
        4.配置codestriker
                # cd codestriker-1.9.10/
                # vim codestriker.conf
                    注意以下几点(详细可查看codestriker的安装文档)
                    a.数据库的用户名密码要配对
                    b.svn的数据仓库要配对，我的如下：
                         @valid_repositories =
                             (
                              'svn:file:///home/svn/project',
                             )
        
        5.执行codestriker的安装脚本
                # cd bin/
                # ./install.pl
        
        6.配置http支持
                # vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
                    在最后面加上如下内容:
                        Alias /codestriker/  /var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/cgi-bin/
                        Alias /codestrikerhtml/  /var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/html/
                        
                       
                           SetHandler perl-script
                           PerlHandler ModPerl::Registry
                           Options +ExecCGI
                       
                        
                       
                           AllowOverride None
                           Allow from all
                       
        
        7.重启HTTP服务器
                # service httpd restart 
        
        8.在浏览器中输入http://192.168.60.10/codestriker/codestriker.pl即可访问，如下图：

十，总结

                总结个CC。

搭建的时候出现如下问题与其解决：

一、svnserve: 不能绑定服务器套接字: 地址已经被使用 

如果出现，这样的错误信息，“svnserve: 不能绑定服务器套接字: 地址已经被使用”
那先把svnserve进程干掉。
具体做法是
$ ps -aux  ＃查看进程,svnserve的pid为XXXX
$ kill -9 XXX #干掉svnserve
再次运行$ svnserve -d -r /var/www/svn

二、Error  Unable to connect to a repository at URL ‘https://xxxxxxxxxxxx/svn/xxxxxxx’

Error  Access to ‘https://xxxxxxxxxxx/svn/xxxxxxxx‘ forbidden

搞了半天，如果你也出现这样的问题，不妨试试：

右键点击本地副本，TortoiseSVN -> Settings -> Saved Data，

1.         点击个个“Clear”按钮，把本地缓存都清除了，点击“确定”；
2.         再重新checkout，大功告成。

三、不能打开文件 '/home/svn/ishare/db/txn-current-lock': 权限不够

直接 $:cd  /home/svn/ishare/           ishare为你的项目名称

sudo chmod -r 777 db   

四、在客户端访问subversion版本库时出现这个错误：

svnserve.conf:12: Option expected

为什么会出现这个错误呢，就是因为subversion读取配置文件svnserve.conf时，无法识别有前置空格的配置文件，如
### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository. (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)

### Visit http://subversion.tigris.org/ for more information.

[general]
### These options control access to the repository for unauthenticated
### and authenticated users.  Valid values are "write", "read",
### and "none".  The sample settings below are the defaults.
anon-access = read
   auth-access = write

像上面的配置文件中，anon-access是顶行的，没问题，而auth-access就存在前置空格，会导致这个错误。
要避免出现这个错误，应该在去掉这些行前的#时，也要顺手去掉前面的空格，这一点，在郑新星老早的文章《Subversion之路－－实现精细的目录访问权限控制》就提到过。

五、