在消息的获取上是选择轮询还是推送得根据实际的业务需要来技术选型,例如对消息实时性比较高的需求,比如微博新通知或新闻等那就最好是用推送了。但如果只是一般的消息检测比如更新检查,可能是半个小时或一个小时一次,那用轮询也是一个不错的选择,因为不需要额外搭建推送服务器,不用额外配置推送服务。另外推送现在一般以维持长连接的方式实现,在手机客户端也会耗费一定的电量。今天就介绍一个在Android上实现轮询机制的方法——使用AlarmManager
AlarmManager在Android中主要用来定时处理一个事件或是定期处理一个事件,比如闹钟应用就是使用AlarmManager来实现的,我们今天要使用AlarmManager的定期执行功能来实现轮询的功能。对于定期执行任务也可以用Timer和TimerTask来实现,也可以开一个Service在Thread里面以while循环来实现。但最好的方案还是选用AlarmManager,这里涉及一个Android系统锁的机制,即系统在检测到一段时间没有活跃以后,会关闭一些不必要的服务来减少资源和电量消耗。使用Timer和Service来实现的话很可能出现的情况就是屏幕熄灭后一段时间,服务就被停止了,当然轮询也就被停止了。那么接下来就开始使用AlarmManager+Service+Thread来实现我们的轮询服务吧!
一、新建轮询工具类PollingUtils.java
public class PollingUtils {
//开启轮询服务
public static void startPollingService(Context context, int seconds, Class> cls,String action) {
//获取AlarmManager系统服务
AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
//包装需要执行Service的Intent
Intent intent = new Intent(context, cls);
intent.setAction(action);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0,
intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
//触发服务的起始时间
long triggerAtTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
//使用AlarmManger的setRepeating方法设置定期执行的时间间隔(seconds秒)和需要执行的Service
manager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, triggerAtTime,
seconds * 1000, pendingIntent);
}
//停止轮询服务
public static void stopPollingService(Context context, Class> cls,String action) {
AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
Intent intent = new Intent(context, cls);
intent.setAction(action);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0,
intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
//取消正在执行的服务
manager.cancel(pendingIntent);
}
}
public class PollingService extends Service {
public static final String ACTION = "com.ryantang.service.PollingService";
private Notification mNotification;
private NotificationManager mManager;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
initNotifiManager();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
new PollingThread().start();
}
//初始化通知栏配置
private void initNotifiManager() {
mManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
int icon = R.drawable.ic_launcher;
mNotification = new Notification();
mNotification.icon = icon;
mNotification.tickerText = "New Message";
mNotification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;
mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
}
//弹出Notification
private void showNotification() {
mNotification.when = System.currentTimeMillis();
//Navigator to the new activity when click the notification title
Intent i = new Intent(this, MainActivity
.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, i,
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(this,
getResources().getString(R.string.app_name), "You have new message!", pendingIntent);
mManager.notify(0, mNotification);
}
/**
* Polling thread
* 模拟向Server轮询的异步线程
* @Author Ryan
* @Create 2013-7-13 上午10:18:34
*/
int count = 0;
class PollingThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Polling...");
count ++;
//当计数能被5整除时弹出通知
if (count % 5 == 0) {
showNotification();
System.out.println("New message!");
}
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
System.out.println("Service:onDestroy");
}
}
三,调用显示的页面
public
class
MainActivity
extends
Activity {
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//Start polling service
System.out.println(
"Start polling service..."
);
PollingUtils.startPollingService(
this
,
5
, PollingService.
class
, PollingService.ACTION);
}
@Override
protected
void
onDestroy() {
super
.onDestroy();
//Stop polling service
System.out.println(
"Stop polling service..."
);
PollingUtils.stopPollingService(
this
, PollingService.
class
, PollingService.ACTION);
}
}