linux文件系统扩容



1.增加硬盘、或新建分区

2.在硬盘或分区上创建物理卷PV，例如新硬盘为sdb

pvcreate /dev/sdb

3.扩展卷组VG，例如：文件系统所在的VG名为vgname

vgextend vgname /dev/sdb

4.扩展逻辑卷LV，例如：文件系统所在的LV名为lvname，增加10G

lvextend +L 10G /dev/vgname  /lvname

5.扩展文件系统

resize2fs /dev/vgname/lvname

如果没用逻辑卷管理，文件系统是无法扩展的；如果逻辑卷有足够的剩余空间（vgdisplay可看），第1、2、3步可省略

[root@jixiao6562 ~]# fdisk -l

[root@jixiao6562 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfc5bf2ef.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-40960, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-40960, default 40960):
Using default value 40960

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xfc5bf2ef

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       40960    41943024   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris       
 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx        
 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data   
 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility  
 8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt        
 9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access    
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O       
 b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor     
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs       
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT           
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor     
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor     
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary 
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS   
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep       
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT           
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xfc5bf2ef

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       40960    41943024   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@jixiao6562 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb1"
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@jixiao6562 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_jixiao6562
  System ID            
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               299.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76674
  Alloc PE / Size       76674 / 299.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0  
  VG UUID               QfG8KV-pY2v-6NnE-M35F-sUAw-Bkxi-kvpSjf
  
[root@jixiao6562 ~]# vgextend /dev/vg_jixiao6562 /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vg_jixiao6562" successfully extended
[root@jixiao6562 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_jixiao6562
  System ID            
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               339.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              86913
  Alloc PE / Size       76674 / 299.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       10239 / 40.00 GiB
  VG UUID               QfG8KV-pY2v-6NnE-M35F-sUAw-Bkxi-kvpSjf
  
  
[root@jixiao6562 ~]# lvextend -L +39G /dev/vg_jixiao6562/lv_root
  Extending logical volume lv_root to 89.00 GiB
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

[root@jixiao6562 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_jixiao6562/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_jixiao6562/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 6
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_jixiao6562/lv_root to 23330816 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/vg_jixiao6562/lv_root is now 23330816 blocks long.

[root@jixiao6562 ~]#
e2fsck -a /dev/vg_jixiao6562/lv_root

如何查看uuid
sudo blkid

mount/umount挂在和卸载

umount 命令
-a：卸除/etc/mtab中记录的所有文件系统；
-h：显示帮助；
-n：卸除时不要将信息存入/etc/mtab文件中；
-r：若无法成功卸除，则尝试以只读的方式重新挂入文件系统；
-t<文件系统类型>：仅卸除选项中所指定的文件系统；
-v：执行时显示详细的信息；
-V：显示版本信息。

挂在点配置文件:
/etc/mtab

lsof | grep mymount   查找mymount分区里打开的文件