在spring boot项目中使用缓存很方便,有如下两种使用场景:
方法1适用于缓存session、token等用户登录信息
方法2适用于缓存查询结果
直接操作RedisTemplate能够很灵活的对存入缓存中的key与value做定制化、并能很容易的实现缓存对象的过期时间。用@Cacheable注解方式的话,是不支持设置TTL,也就是说没有直接的方式设置缓存对象的过期时间,那么怎样才能实现缓存对象的自动清除呢?别着急,接着看。
一、pom配置,要加入对spring-boot-starter-cache与spring-boot-starter-data-redis的依赖
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
2.0.3.RELEASE
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-cache
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-redis
org.apache.commons
commons-pool2
2.0
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
com.zaxxer
HikariCP
3.1.0
org.postgresql
postgresql
42.1.1
com.alibaba
fastjson
1.2.32
二、写个RedisCacheConfig文件,扩展CachingConfigurerSupport。缓存的自动清除有cacheEvict方法注解实现。
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
@EnableScheduling
public class RedisCacheConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisCacheConfig.class);
@Resource
private LettuceConnectionFactory lettuceConnectionFactory;
@Bean
public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
return new KeyGenerator() {
@Override
public Object generate(Object target, Method method, Object... params) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append(target.getClass().getName());
sb.append(method.getName());
for (Object obj : params) {
sb.append(obj.toString());
}
return sb.toString();
}
};
}
@Bean
public CacheManager cacheManager(){
RedisCacheManager.RedisCacheManagerBuilder builder = RedisCacheManager.RedisCacheManagerBuilder
.fromConnectionFactory(lettuceConnectionFactory);
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
Set cacheNames = new HashSet() {
{
add("apiCache");
add("dictDataCache");
add("manufacturedGood");
add("rawMaterial");
}
};
builder.initialCacheNames(cacheNames);
return builder.build();
}
@CacheEvict(allEntries = true, cacheNames = { "manufacturedGood", "rawMaterial"})
@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 60*1000)
public void cacheEvict() {
logger.info("[RedisCacheConfig][cacheEvict] start to clear cache");
}
@Bean
public RedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory){
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer
说明:
三、通过@Cacheable自动缓存数据
@Service
public class RawMaterialQueryServiceImpl implements RawMaterialQueryService {
@Autowired
private RawMaterialDao rawMaterialDao;
@Override
@Cacheable(cacheNames="rawMaterial",sync=true, key="'RawMaterialID'.concat(#p0)")
public RawMaterial getById(Integer id) {
if(null == id) {
return null;
}
Optional optional = rawMaterialDao.findById(id);
return optional.isPresent()?optional.get():null;
}
}
说明:
在getById这个方法上的@Cacheable注解对查询结果做缓存,将查询的结果缓存到rawMaterial中,key为固定前缀RawMaterialID加上查询参数id。sync=true,多线程用相同的id调用此方法,如果没有命中,只有一个线程会调用方法中的查询动作,其它线程会等待。
四、直接调用。写个辅助类,直接操作RedisTemplate。在put对象时,可以直接指定过期时间。
@Component
public class RedisUtil {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisUtil.class);
private static final String FRONT_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX = "FE_SESS_";
private static final String BACK_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX = "BE_SESS_";
private static final String LOCALE_CACHE_PREFIX = "LOCALE_";
@Value("${cache.redis.defaultlocale}")
private String defaultLocale;
@Value("${cache.redis.session.backend.expiretime}")
private int beSessionExpireTime;
@Value("${cache.redis.session.frontend.expiretime}")
private int feSessionExpireTime;
@Resource
private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
public void cacheFrontEndSession(String sessionId,Integer userId) {
if(StringUtil.assertNull(sessionId)) {
return;
}
putWithTimeout(FRONT_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId, userId,feSessionExpireTime);
}
public boolean removeFrontEndSession(String sessionId) {
if(StringUtil.assertNull(sessionId)) {
return true;
}
return delete(FRONT_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId);
}
public Integer getFrontEndSessionCache(String sessionId) {
try {
Object value = get(FRONT_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId);
if(null != value) {
putWithTimeout(FRONT_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId, value,feSessionExpireTime);
return Integer.parseInt(value+"");
}else {
return null;
}
}catch(Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
public void cacheBackEndSession(String sessionId,Integer userId) {
if(StringUtil.assertNull(sessionId)) {
return;
}
putWithTimeout(BACK_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId, userId,beSessionExpireTime);
}
public boolean removeBackEndSession(String sessionId) {
if(StringUtil.assertNull(sessionId)) {
return true;
}
return delete(BACK_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId);
}
public Integer getBackEndSessionCache(String sessionId) {
try {
Object value = get(BACK_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId);
if(null != value) {
putWithTimeout(BACK_END_SESSION_CACHE_PREFIX+sessionId, value,beSessionExpireTime);
return Integer.parseInt(value+"");
}else {
return null;
}
}catch(Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
public void cacheLocale(Integer userId,String locale) {
if(null == userId) {
return;
}
put(LOCALE_CACHE_PREFIX+userId, locale);
}
public String getLocaleCache(Integer userId) {
try {
return (String)get(LOCALE_CACHE_PREFIX+userId);
}catch(Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
private void put(Object key,Object value) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
}
private void putWithTimeout(Object key,Object value,long timeout) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value,timeout,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
private Object get(Object key) {
if(null == key) {
return null;
}
return redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
}
private boolean delete(Object key) {
if(null == key) {
return true;
}
return redisTemplate.delete(key);
}
public String getDefaultLocale() {
return defaultLocale;
}
}
五、配置文件application.properties
#=====================redis config================================
spring.cache.type=redis
spring.redis.host=192.168.1.252
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.password=xxxxx
spring.redis.database=0
spring.redis.timeout=5000
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-idle=50
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.min-idle=10
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-active=-1
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-wait=-1
cache.redis.defaultlocale=zh_CN
#session过期时间,单位:秒
cache.redis.session.backend.expiretime=300
cache.redis.session.frontend.expiretime=3600
总结, 通过上述步骤,展示了在spring boot项目中同时使用通过操作RedisTemplate和@Cacheable的方式来缓存数据,并实现缓存的自动清除功能。