python博弈树实现AI五子棋小游戏
python博弈树实现AI五子棋小游戏
运行比较慢，后续优化。
完整项目代码可从 https://github.com/hfq0219/wuziqi.git 下载。
功能有选择先后手和先手禁手规则。
运行效果：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#wuziqi.py
#Author:fengqi
from graphics import *
import time
###
num = [[0 for a in range(16)] for a in range(16)]
dx = [1,1,0,-1,-1,-1,0,1] #x,y方向向量
dy = [0,1,1,1,0,-1,-1,-1]
is_end = False
go_first = 1 #先手标志
start = 1 #轮换下棋标志
ai = 1 #AI下棋标志
L1_max=-100000 #剪枝阈值
L2_min=100000
list=[] #保存已画棋子
RESTART_FLAG = False
QUIT_FLAG = False
###
win = GraphWin("五子棋",550,451)
aiFirst = Text(Point(500,100),"")
manFirst = Text(Point(500,140),"")
notice = Text(Point(500,290),"") #提示轮到谁落子
notice.setFill('red')
last_ai = Text(Point(500,330),"") #AI最后落子点
last_man = Text(Point(500,370),"") #玩家最后落子点
QUIT = Text(Point(500,20),"退出")
QUIT.setFill('red')
RESTART = Text(Point(500,60),"重玩")
RESTART.setFill('red')
#数据初始化，把棋盘上的棋子和提示清空
def init():
global is_end,start,go_first,RESTART_FLAG
is_end=False
start=1
go_first=1
RESTART_FLAG=False
QUIT_FLAG=False
for i in range(16):
for j in range(16):
if(num[i][j]!=0):
num[i][j]=0
for i in range(len(list)):
list[-1].undraw()
list.pop(-1)
aiFirst.setText("AI 先手")
manFirst.setText("我先手")
notice.setText("")
last_ai.setText("")
last_man.setText("")
#画棋盘
def drawWin():
win.setBackground('yellow')
for i in range(0,451,30):
line=Line(Point(i,0),Point(i,450))
line.draw(win)
for j in range(0,451,30):
line=Line(Point(0,j),Point(450,j))
line.draw(win)
Rectangle(Point(460,5),Point(540,35)).draw(win)
Rectangle(Point(460,45),Point(540,75)).draw(win)
Rectangle(Point(460,85),Point(540,115)).draw(win)
Rectangle(Point(460,125),Point(540,155)).draw(win)
Rectangle(Point(452,275),Point(548,305)).draw(win)
Rectangle(Point(452,307),Point(548,395)).draw(win)
aiFirst.draw(win)
manFirst.draw(win)
notice.draw(win)
last_ai.draw(win)
last_man.draw(win)
QUIT.draw(win)
RESTART.draw(win)
#判断该点是否在棋盘范围内
def inBoard(x,y):
if(x>=0 and x<=15 and y>=0 and y<=15): return True
else: return False
#判断该点是否可落子，即是否在棋盘内且没有落子
def downOk(x,y):
if(inBoard(x,y) and num[x][y]==0): return True
else: return False
#该点值是否和i值相等，即该点棋子颜色和i相同
def sameColor(x,y,i):
if(inBoard(x,y) and num[x][y]==i): return True
else: return False
#在给定的方向v(v区分正负)上，和该点同色棋子的个数
def numInline(x,y,v):
i=x+dx[v]; j=y+dy[v]
s=0; ref=num[x][y]
if(ref==0): return 0
while(sameColor(i,j,ref)):
s=s+1; i=i+dx[v]; j=j+dy[v]
return s
#该点四个方向里(即v不区分正负)，活四局势的个数
def liveFour(x,y):
key=num[x][y]; s=0
for u in range(4):
samekey=1
samekey,i=numofSamekey(x,y,u,1,key,samekey)
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i)):
continue
samekey,i=numofSamekey(x,y,u,-1,key,samekey)
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i)):
continue
if(samekey==4):
s=s+1
return s
#该点八个方向里(即v区分正负)，冲四局势的个数
def chongFour(x,y):
key=num[x][y]; s=0
for u in range(8):
samekey=0; flag=True; i=1
while(sameColor(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i,key) or flag):
if(not sameColor(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i,key)):
if(flag and inBoard(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i) and num[x+dx[u]*i][y+dy[u]*i]!=0):
samekey-=10
flag=False
samekey+=1
i+=1
i-=1
if(not inBoard(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i)):
continue
samekey,i=numofSamekey(x,y,u,-1,key,samekey)
if(samekey==4):
s+=1
return s-liveFour(x,y)*2
#该点四个方向里活三，以及八个方向里断三的个数
def liveThree(x,y):
key=num[x][y]; s=0
for u in range(4):
samekey=1
samekey,i=numofSamekey(x,y,u,1,key,samekey)
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i)):
continue
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*(i+1),y+dy[u]*(i+1))):
continue
samekey,i=numofSamekey(x,y,u,-1,key,samekey)
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i)):
continue
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*(i-1),y+dy[u]*(i-1))):
continue
if(samekey==3):
s+=1
for u in range(8):
samekey=0; flag=True; i=1
while(sameColor(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i,key) or flag):
if(not sameColor(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i,key)):
if(flag and inBoard(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i) and num[x+dx[u]*i][y+dy[u]*i]!=0):
samekey-=10
flag=False
samekey+=1
i+=1
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i)):
continue
if(inBoard(x+dx[u]*(i-1),y+dy[u]*(i-1)) and num[x+dx[u]*(i-1)][y+dy[u]*(i-1)]==0):
continue
samekey,i=numofSamekey(x,y,u,1,key,samekey)
if(not downOk(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i)):
continue
if(samekey==3):
s+=1
return s
#该点在四个方向里，是否有六子或以上连线
def overLine(x,y):
flag=False
for u in range(4):
if((numInline(x,y,u)+numInline(x,y,u+4))>4):
flag=True
return flag
#该黑子点是否是禁手点，黑子禁手直接判输
def ban(x,y):
if(sameColor(x,y,3-go_first)):
return False
flag=((liveThree(x,y)>1) or (overLine(x,y)) or ((liveFour(x,y)+chongFour(x,y))>1))
return flag
#统计在u方向上，和key值相同的点的个数，即和key同色的连子个数
def numofSamekey(x,y,u,i,key,sk):
if(i==1):
while(sameColor(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i,key)):
sk+=1
i+=1
elif(i==-1):
while(sameColor(x+dx[u]*i,y+dy[u]*i,key)):
sk+=1
i-=1
return sk,i
#游戏是否结束，如果有五子连线或出现禁手
def gameOver(x,y):
global is_end
for u in range(4):
if((numInline(x,y,u)+numInline(x,y,u+4))>=4):
is_end=True
return True
return False
#对该点落子后的局势进行估分
def getScore(x,y):
global is_end
if(ban(x,y)):
return 0
if(gameOver(x,y)):
is_end=False
return 10000
score=liveFour(x,y)*1000+(chongFour(x,y)+liveThree(x,y))*100
for u in range(8):
if(inBoard(x+dx[u],y+dy[u]) and num[x+dx[u]][y+dy[u]]!=0):
score=score+1
return score
#博弈树第一层
def AI1():
global L1_max
L1_max=-100000
if(num[8][8]==0 and go_first==ai):
return go(8,8)
keyi=-1; keyj=-1
for x in [8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15,0]:
for y in [8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15,0]:
if(not downOk(x,y)):
continue
num[x][y]=ai
tempp=getScore(x,y)
if(tempp==0):
num[x][y]=0; continue
if(tempp==10000):
return go(x,y)
tempp=AI2()
num[x][y]=0
if(tempp>L1_max): #取极大
L1_max=tempp; keyi=x; keyj=y
go(keyi,keyj)
#博弈树第二层
def AI2():
global L2_min
L2_min=100000
for x in [8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15,0]:
for y in [8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15,0]:
if(not downOk(x,y)):
continue
num[x][y]=3-ai
tempp=getScore(x,y)
if(tempp==0):
num[x][y]=0; continue
if(tempp==10000):
num[x][y]=0; return -10000
tempp=AI3(tempp)
if(tempp<L1_max): #L1层剪枝
num[x][y]=0; return -10000
num[x][y]=0
if(tempp<L2_min): #取极小
L2_min=tempp
return L2_min
#博弈树第三层
def AI3(p2):
keyp=-100000
for x in [8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15,0]:
for y in [8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15,0]:
if(not downOk(x,y)):
continue
num[x][y]=ai
tempp=getScore(x,y)
if(tempp==0):
num[x][y]=0; continue
if(tempp==10000):
num[x][y]=0; return 10000
if(tempp-p2*2>L2_min): #L2层剪枝
num[x][y]=0; return 10000
num[x][y]=0
if(tempp-p2*2>keyp): #取极大
keyp=tempp-p2*2
return keyp
#选手下棋
def manPlay():
p=win.getMouse()
if(Restart(p) or Quit(p)): return
x=round(p.getX()/30)
y=round(p.getY()/30)
if(downOk(x,y)): go(x,y)
else: manPlay()
#落下一子并且判断游戏是否结束
def go(x,y):
global is_end
c=Circle(Point(x*30,y*30),13)
if(start==ai):
num[x][y]=ai
last_ai.setText("AI 落子:\n(x:y)=("+str(x)+":"+str(y)+")")
if(go_first==ai): c.setFill('black')
else: c.setFill('white')
else:
num[x][y]=3-ai
last_man.setText("玩家落子:\n(x:y)=("+str(x)+":"+str(y)+")")
if(go_first==ai): c.setFill('white')
else: c.setFill('black')
c.draw(win)
list.append(c)
if(ban(x,y)):
if(start==ai):
notice.setText("AI 禁手,玩家赢!\n点击重玩")
else:
notice.setText("玩家禁手,AI 赢!\n点击重玩")
is_end=True
elif(gameOver(x,y)):
if(start==ai):
notice.setText("AI 赢!\n点击重玩")
else:
notice.setText("玩家赢!\n点击重玩")
##是否重新开始游戏
def Restart(p):
global RESTART_FLAG
x=p.getX(); y=p.getY()
if((abs(500-x)<40) and (abs(60-y)<15)): #restart
init()
RESTART_FLAG=True
notice.setText("重新开始")
time.sleep(1)
return True
else:
return False
##是否退出游戏
def Quit(p):
global QUIT_FLAG, is_end
x=p.getX(); y=p.getY()
if((abs(500-x)<40) and (abs(20-y)<15)): #quit
init()
QUIT_FLAG=True
is_end=True
notice.setText("退出")
time.sleep(1)
return True
else:
return False
##选择先后手
def whoStart(p):
global start, go_first
x=p.getX(); y=p.getY()
if((abs(500-x)<40) and (abs(100-y)<15)): #AI 先手
start=1
go_first=1
aiFirst.setText("AI 执黑")
manFirst.setText("玩家执白")
return True
elif((abs(500-x)<40) and (abs(140-y)<15)): #玩家先手
start=2
go_first=2
aiFirst.setText("AI 执白")
manFirst.setText("玩家执黑")
return True
else:
return False
##------------------------------------------------------------------##
#主程序入口
if __name__=='__main__':
init()
drawWin()
notice.setText("请选择先手")
p=win.getMouse()
while(not whoStart(p) and not Quit(p)):
p=win.getMouse()
while(not is_end):
RESTART_FLAG=False
if(start==ai):
notice.setText("AI 正在下棋...")
AI1()
else:
notice.setText("请你下棋...")
manPlay()
start=3-start
if(RESTART_FLAG):
notice.setText("请选择先手")
p=win.getMouse()
while(not whoStart(p) and not Quit(p)):
p=win.getMouse()
elif(not QUIT_FLAG and is_end):
p=win.getMouse()
while(not Restart(p) and not Quit(p)):
p=win.getMouse()
if(RESTART_FLAG):
notice.setText("请选择先手")
p=win.getMouse()
while(not whoStart(p) and not Quit(p)):
p=win.getMouse()