os模块及os.path模块的应用举例
1. 获取当前目录下所有文件类型的统计及文件夹统计
import os
list_all = os.listdir(os.curdir)#os.curdir表示当前目录更准确,listdir返回目录所有文件及文件夹的目录列表
sum_dict = dict() #生产一个空字典
for each in list_all:
if os.path.isdir(each):
sum_dict.setdefault('文件夹',0)
sum_dict['文件夹'] += 1#字典键值取法
else:
ext = os.path.splitext(each)[1]
sum_dict.setdefault(ext,0)
sum_dict[ext] += 1
for eachtype in sum_dict.keys():
print('该目录下共有类型[%s]的文件数量%d个'%(eachtype, sum_dict[eachtype]))
2.在某个目录及子目录中查找某个文件
def search_file(start_dir, target):
os.chdir(start_dir)
list_dir = os.listdir(os.curdir)#获取目录文件列表
for each in list_dir:
if each == target:
print(os.getcwd() + os.seq + each)#找到文件则打印
if os.path.isdir(each):#如果是文件夹则递归调用
search_file(each, target)
os.chdir(os.pardir)
start_dir = input('请输入要开始查找的目录:')
target = input('请输入要查找的文件名:')
search_file(start_dir, target)
3.在指定的目录及子目录下查找指定后缀名的文件
def search_ext(start_dir, target):
os.chdir(start_dir)
list_dir = os.listdir(os.curdir)#获取目录文件列表
for each in list_dir:
ext = os.path.splitext(each)[1]
if each in target:
find_list.append(os.getcwd() + os.seq + each + os.lineseq)#添加到列表
if os.path.isdir(each):#如果是文件夹则递归调用
search_file(each, target)
os.chdir(os.pardir)
start_dir = input('请输入要开始查找的目录:')
target = ['.mp4', '.avi', '.rmvb']
find_list = []
search_file(start_dir, target)
f = open(os.getcwd() + os.seq + 'vediolist.txt', 'w')
f.writeline(find_list)
f.close()
4.在当前目录及子目录中的某种类型文件中查找指定的关键字
import os
#=========打印结果=========
def print_pos(key_dict):
keys = key_dict.key()#分离字典的key
keys = sorted(keys)#排序
for each_key in keys:
print('关键字在第 %s 行的第 %s 位置'%(each_key, str(key_dict[each_kkey])))
#========在某行查找关键字==========
def pos_in_line(line, key):
pos = []
begin = line.find(key)
while begin != -1:#在行中找到了
pos.append[begin + 1]
begin = line.find(key, begin + 1)
return pos
#==========在文件中查找==========
def search_in_file(filename, key):
f = open(filename)
count = 0#记录行数
key_dict = dict()
for each_line in f:
count += 1
if key in each_line:
pos = pos_in_line(each_line, key)
key_dict[count] = pos
f.close()
return key_dict
#==========主程序(在目录中查找)==========
def search_key(key, isprt):
all_file = os.walk(os.getcwd())#返回一个三目的元组('路径',[路径包含目录],[路径包含文件])
txt_file = []#定义空列表
for sch in all_file:
for each in sch[2]:
if os.path.splitext(each)[1] == '.txt':
each = os.path.join(i[0], each)#合并路径和文件名
txt_file.append(each)
for each_txt_file in txt_file:
key_dict = search_in_file(each_txt_file, key)
if key_dict:
print('=======================================')
print('在文件%s中找到 %s关键字'%(each_txt_file, ke))
if detail in['YES', 'Yes', '阳台']:
print_pos(key_dict)
key = input('请将给脚本放置到要查找的目录,然后输入要查找关键字:')
detail = input('是否打印关键字%s的位置(YES/NO)'%key)
search_file(key,detail)
import os
#=========打印结果=========
def print_pos(key_dict):
keys = key_dict.key()#分离字典的key
keys = sorted(keys)#排序
for each_key in keys:
print('关键字在第 %s 行的第 %s 位置'%(each_key, str(key_dict[each_kkey])))
#========在某行查找关键字==========
def pos_in_line(line, key):
pos = []
begin = line.find(key)
while begin != -1:#在行中找到了
pos.append[begin + 1]
begin = line.find(key, begin + 1)
return pos
#==========在文件中查找==========
def search_in_file(filename, key):
f = open(filename)
count = 0#记录行数
key_dict = dict()
for each_line in f:
count += 1
if key in each_line:
pos = pos_in_line(each_line, key)
key_dict[count] = pos
f.close()
return key_dict
#==========主程序(在目录中查找)==========
def search_key(key, isprt):
all_file = os.walk(os.getcwd())#返回一个三目的元组('路径',[路径包含目录],[路径包含文件])
txt_file = []#定义空列表
for sch in all_file:
for each in sch[2]:
if os.path.splitext(each)[1] == '.txt':
each = os.path.join(i[0], each)#合并路径和文件名
txt_file.append(each)
for each_txt_file in txt_file:
key_dict = search_in_file(each_txt_file, key)
if key_dict:
print('=======================================')
print('在文件%s中找到 %s关键字'%(each_txt_file, key))
if detail in['YES', 'Yes', 'yes']:
print_pos(key_dict)
key = input('请将给脚本放置到要查找的目录,然后输入要查找关键字:')
detail = input('是否打印关键字%s的位置(YES/NO)'%key)
search_key(key,detail)