教你读懂路由表



当前的路由:
destination 目的网段
mask 子网掩码
interface 到达该目的地的本路由器的出口ip
gateway 下一跳路由器入口的ip,路由器通过interface和gateway定义一调到下一个路由器的链路,通常情况下,interface和gateway是同一网段的
metric 跳数,该条路由记录的质量,一般情况下,如果有多条到达相同目的地的路由记录,路由器会采用metric值小的那条路由


第一条
缺省路由:意思就是说,当一个数据包的目的网段不在你的路由记录中,那么,你的路由器该把那个数据包发送到哪里!缺省路由的网关是由你的连接上的default gateway决定的
该路由记录的意思是:当我接收到一个数据包的目的网段不在我的路由记录中,我会将该数据包通过192.168.123.88这个接口发送到192.168.123.254这个地址,这个地址是下一个路由器的一个接口,这样这个数据包就可以交付给下一个路由器处理,与我无关。该路由记录的线路质量 1

第二条
缺省路由:
该路由记录的意思是:当我接收到一个数据包的目的网段不在我的路由记录中,我会将该数据包通过192.168.123.68这个接口发送到192.168.123.254这个地址,这个地址是下一个路由器的一个接口,这样这个数据包就可以交付给下一个路由器处理,与我无关。该路由记录的线路质量 1

第三条
本地环路:127.0.0.0这个网段内所有地址都指向自己机器,如果收到这样一个数据,应该发向哪里 该路由记录的线路质量 1


第四条
直联网段的路由记录:当路由器收到发往直联网段的数据包时该如何处理,这种情况,路由记录的interface和gateway是同一个。
当我接收到一个数据包的目的网段是192.168.123.0时,我会将该数据包通过192.168.123.68这个接口直接发送出去,因为这个端口直接连接着192.168.123.0这个网段,该路由记录的线路质量 1


第五条
直联网段的路由记录
当我接收到一个数据包的目的网段是192.168.123.0时,我会将该数据包通过192.168.123.88这个接口直接发送出去,因为这个端口直接连接着192.168.123.0这个网段,该路由记录的线路质量 1


第六条
本地主机路由:当路由器收到发送给自己的数据包时将如何处理
当我接收到一个数据包的目的网段是192.168.123.68时,我会将该数据包收下,因为这个数据包时发送给我自己的,该路由记录的线路质量 1


第七条
本地主机路由:当路由器收到发送给自己的数据包时将如何处理
当我接收到一个数据包的目的网段是192.168.123.88时,我会将该数据包收下,因为这个数据包时发送给我自己的,该路由记录的线路质量 1

第八条
本地广播路由:当路由器收到发送给直联网段的本地广播时如何处理
当我接收到广播数据包的目的网段是192.168.123.255时,我会将该数据从192.168.123.68接口以广播的形势发送出去,该路由记录的线路质量 1

第九条
本地广播路由:当路由器收到发送给直联网段的本地广播时如何处理
当我接收到广播数据包的目的网段是192.168.123.255时,我会将该数据从192.168.123.88接口以广播的形势发送出去,该路由记录的线路质量 1

第十条
组播路由:当路由器收到一个组播数据包时该如何处理
当我接收到组播数据包时,我会将该数据从192.168.123.68接口以组播的形势发送出去,该路由记录的线路质量 1

第十一条
组播路由:当路由器收到一个组播数据包时该如何处理
当我接收到组播数据包时,我会将该数据从192.168.123.88接口以组播的形势发送出去,该路由记录的线路质量 1

第十二条
广播路由:当路由器收到一个绝对广播时该如何处理
当我接收到绝对广播数据包时,将该数据包丢弃掉

Routing IP Multicast Traffic
IP multicasting is a technique that is designed to provide a more efficient method of
one-to-many communications than unicast or broadcast transmissions. A unicast transmission,by definition, involves two systems only, a source and a destination. To use
unicasts to send the same message to a group of computers, a system must transmit the
same message many times. A broadcast message can reach multiple destinations with
a single transmission, but broadcasts are indiscriminate. The message reaches every
system on the network, whether or not it is an intended recipient. Broadcasts are also
limited to the local network, so they can’t reach recipients on other networks.
Multicast transmissions use a single destination IP address that identifies a group of systems
on the network, called a host group. Multicasts use Class D addresses, as assigned by the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which can range from 224.0.1.0 to
238.255.255.255. Because one Class D address identifies an entire group of systems, the
source computer requires only a single transmission to send a message to the entire group.
Members of a multicast group can be located on any LAN in an internetwork and are
still accessible with a single transmission. However, for the transmission to reach the
entire multicast group, the routers on the network must know which hosts are members
of the group, in order to forward messages to them.

Computers that will be members of a multicast host group must register themselves
with the routers on the local network, using the Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP). To support multicasting, all the members of the host group and all the routers
providing access to the members of the host group must support .
To receive all the IP multicast traffic on the network, the network interface adapters in
a router must support a special mode called multicast promiscuous mode. Unlike promiscuous
mode, in which the network interface adapter processes all incoming packets,
multicast promiscuous mode has the network interface adapter process all
incoming packets with the multicast bit (that is, the last bit of the first byte of the destination
hardware address) set to a value of 1.

To support multicasting on a large internetwork, the routers must be able to share their
information about host group memberships. To do this, the routers use a multicast
routing protocol, such as the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), the
Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol, or the Protocol Independent Multicast
(PIM) protocol. The Routing and Remote Access service in Windows Server 2003
does not include support for these, or any, multicast routing protocols other than the
IGMP routing protocol component, but a Windows Server 2003 router can run a thirdparty
implementation of such a protocol.

你可能感兴趣的:(Linux,windows)