Hive – Group By 的实现

准备数据

hive> SELECT * FROM logs;
a	苹果	5
a	橙子	3
a      苹果   2
b	烧鸡	1
 
hive> SELECT uid, SUM(COUNT) FROM logs GROUP BY uid;
a	10
b	1

计算过程

默认设置了hive.map.aggr=true，所以会在mapper端先group by一次，最后再把结果merge起来，为了减少reducer处理的数据量。注意看explain的mode是不一样的。mapper是hash，reducer是mergepartial。如果把hive.map.aggr=false，那将groupby放到reducer才做，他的mode是complete.

Explain

hive> explain SELECT uid, sum(count) FROM logs group by uid;
OK
ABSTRACT SYNTAX TREE:
  (TOK_QUERY (TOK_FROM (TOK_TABREF (TOK_TABNAME logs))) (TOK_INSERT (TOK_DESTINATION (TOK_DIR TOK_TMP_FILE)) (TOK_SELECT (TOK_SELEXPR (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL uid)) (TOK_SELEXPR (TOK_FUNCTION sum (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL count)))) (TOK_GROUPBY (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL uid))))
 
STAGE DEPENDENCIES:
  Stage-1 is a root stage
  Stage-0 is a root stage
 
STAGE PLANS:
  Stage: Stage-1
    Map Reduce
      Alias -> Map Operator Tree:
        logs 
          TableScan // 扫描表
            alias: logs
            Select Operator //选择字段
              expressions:
                    expr: uid
                    type: string
                    expr: count
                    type: int
              outputColumnNames: uid, count
              Group By Operator //这里是因为默认设置了hive.map.aggr=true，会在mapper先做一次聚合，减少reduce需要处理的数据
                aggregations:
                      expr: sum(count) //聚集函数
                bucketGroup: false
                keys: //键
                      expr: uid
                      type: string
                mode: hash //hash方式，processHashAggr()
                outputColumnNames: _col0, _col1
                Reduce Output Operator //输出key，value给reducer
                  key expressions:
                        expr: _col0
                        type: string
                  sort order: +
                  Map-reduce partition columns:
                        expr: _col0
                        type: string
                  tag: -1
                  value expressions:
                        expr: _col1
                        type: bigint
      Reduce Operator Tree:
        Group By Operator
 
          aggregations:
                expr: sum(VALUE._col0)
//聚合
          bucketGroup: false
          keys:
                expr: KEY._col0
                type: string
          mode: mergepartial //合并值
          outputColumnNames: _col0, _col1
          Select Operator //选择字段
            expressions:
                  expr: _col0
                  type: string
                  expr: _col1
                  type: bigint
            outputColumnNames: _col0, _col1
            File Output Operator //输出到文件
              compressed: false
              GlobalTableId: 0
              table:
                  input format: org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat
                  output format: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat
 
  Stage: Stage-0
    Fetch Operator
      limit: -1