CNPM搭建私有的NPM服务



从零开始nodejs系列文章,将介绍如何利Javascript做为服务端脚本,通过Nodejs框架web开发。Nodejs框架是基于V8的引擎,是目前速度最快的Javascript引擎。chrome浏览器就基于V8,同时打开20-30个网页都很流畅。Nodejs标准的web开发框架Express,可以帮助我们迅速建立web站点,比起PHP的开发效率更高,而且学习曲线更低。非常适合小型网站,个性化网站,我们自己的Geek网站!!

关于作者

  • 张丹(Conan), 程序员Java,R,PHP,Javascript
  • weibo:@Conan_Z
  • blog: http://blog.fens.me
  • email: [email protected]

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/nodejs-cnpm-npm/

前言

随着Nodejs开发的项目越来越多,Node项目管理就成了一个需要思考的问题了。如果所有项目都开源统一用 NPM 进行管理也没什么问题,但总有一些是我们不希望的完全开放的代码,作为企业是核心秘密保留在公司内部,这个时候就需要在公司内网也搭建一套 NPM 依赖管理系统。

CNPM正好就提供了这个功能。从Github上CNPM的主页看,CNPM由国内Alibaba团队开发维护。

目录

  1. CNPM是什么?
  2. 搭建CNPM的服务器
  3. 设置私有注册库的三种方法
  4. CNPM的客户端使用

1. CNPM是什么?

CNPM 是一个Nodejs的库,致力于打造私有的 NPM 注册服务。当然,除了私有库功能以外,CNPM官网 (http://cnpmjs.org/) 还提供了NPM同步的服务。

CNPM官方发布的架构图:
CNPM搭建私有的NPM服务_第1张图片

从CNPM的架构图中,我们可以看出CNPM是对NPM做的镜像服务,CNPM会定期同步NPM的资源库,同时CNPM支持发布私有的库,这样就非常方便地集成了公有库和私有库,对于公司内部的开发者来说,基本感觉不到两种库的区别。

另外,我们使用NPM下载依赖包时,经常性地会遇到一些包下载失败的情况,主要原因了NPM的注册服务器在国外,国内的网络环境访问国外的IP并不是太好。所以,直接配置到国内的NPM镜像,可以减少NPM下载出错机会。

比如,最近发生的NPM下载时的“No compatible version found”错误,如果不想升级NPM的环境,那么你还选择用CNPM去进行依赖管理,关于错误的详细介绍,请参考文章 NPM下载出错 No compatible version found

2. 搭建CNPM的服务器

从官方文档中,我们看到CNPM服务器环境,只需要Node(0.11.12) + MySQL(>= 0.5.0),另外我们还需要Linux的环境,接下来就让我们动手自己搭建一个私有NPM的服务器。

我的系统环境:

  • Linux: Ubuntu 12.04.2 64bit Server
  • Node: v0.11.2
  • Npm: 1.2.21
  • MySQL: 5.6.11 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  • IP: 192.168.1.20

通过github下载项目源代码


# 下载项目,进入目录
~ git clone https://github.com/cnpm/cnpmjs.org.git
~ cd cnpmjs.org

在我们开始安装依赖包之前,先要升级NPM的版本,不然会出现“No compatible version found”的错误。


~ sudo npm install npm -g
/usr/local/bin/npm -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
[email protected] /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm

安装项目依赖


~ sudo npm install 
npm WARN engine [email protected]: wanted: {"node":">= 0.11.9"} (current: {"node":"0.11.2","np               m":"2.0.0-beta.0"})
npm WARN engine [email protected]: wanted: {"node":">= 0.11.9"} (current: {"node":"0.11.2","npm":"2.0.0-               beta.0"})
npm WARN engine [email protected]: wanted: {"node":"> 0.11.4"} (current: {"node":"0.11.2","npm               ":"2.0.0-beta.0"})
npm WARN engine [email protected]: wanted: {"node":">= 0.11.9"} (current: {"node":"0.11.2","npm":"2.0.0-bet               a.0"})
npm WARN engine [email protected]: wanted: {"node":"> 0.11.4"} (current: {"node":"0.11.2","npm":"2.0.0-               beta.0"})
npm WARN engine [email protected]: wanted: {"node":"> 0.11.4"} (current: {"node":"0.11.2","npm":"               2.0.0-beta.0"})
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: This project is abandoned
[email protected] node_modules/co-read

[email protected] node_modules/error-formater
└── [email protected] ([email protected])

[email protected] node_modules/multiline
└── [email protected] ([email protected])

[email protected] node_modules/jshint
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], readabl               [email protected])

[email protected] node_modules/koa-middlewares
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], defa               [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
└── [email protected] ([email protected])

创建MySQL数据库,我本地的MySQL用户名为root,密码是mysql,可以通过下面语句创建。


~ mysql -uroot -pmysql -e 'DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cnpmjs_test;' &&\
mysql -uroot -pmysql -e 'CREATE DATABASE cnpmjs_test;' &&\
mysql -uroot -pmysql 'cnpmjs_test' < docs/db.sql &&\
mysql -uroot -pmysql 'cnpmjs_test' -e 'show tables;'
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_cnpmjs_test |
+-----------------------+
| dist_dir              |
| dist_file             |
| download_total        |
| module                |
| module_deps           |
| module_keyword        |
| module_log            |
| module_maintainer     |
| module_star           |
| module_unpublished    |
| tag                   |
| total                 |
| user                  |
+-----------------------+

接下来,我们需要在项目的./config/index.js文件中,修改MySQL数据库的用户名和密码。


~ vi ./config/index.js

108   /**
109    * mysql config
110    */
111
112   mysqlServers: [
113     {
114       host: '127.0.0.1',
115       port: 3306,
116       user: 'root',
117       password: 'mysql'
118     }
119   ],
120   mysqlDatabase: 'cnpmjs_test',
121   mysqlMaxConnections: 4,
122   mysqlQueryTimeout: 5000,
123

启动CNPM服务器,默认会打开两个端口,7001用于NPM的注册服务,7002用于Web访问。


~  node --harmony_generators dispatch.js
[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:17:54 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25211:common/redis.js] Redis config can not found
[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:17:54 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25211] Server started, registry server listen at 127.0.0.1:7001, web listen at 127.0.0.1:7002, cluster: false
[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:17:54 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25211] mysql ready, got 13 tables

从日志中看到,这两个端口服务都绑定在127.0.0.1的本地网络中,我们需要修改配置文件 ./config/index.js文件,注释bindingHost一行,对外网开放。


~ vi ./config/index.js

 39   /*
 40    * server configure
 41    */
 42   registryPort: 7001,
 43   webPort: 7002,
 44   //bindingHost: '127.0.0.1', // only binding on 127.0.0.1 for local access

第二次,启动CNPM服务器


~ node --harmony_generators dispatch.js
[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:22:46 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25259:common/redis.js] Redis config can not found
[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:22:46 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25259] Server started, registry server listen at undefined:7001, web listen at undefined:7002, cluster: false
[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:22:46 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25259] mysql ready, got 13 tables

通过浏览器访问:http://192.168.1.20:7002,没想到的情况,应用又崩溃了,这个坑深入了!!


[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:29:00 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25404] Server started, registry server listen at undefined:7001, web listen at undefined:7002, cluster: false
[Tue Sep 02 2014 15:29:00 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:25404] mysql ready, got 13 tables

==== JS stack trace =========================================

    2: arguments adaptor frame: 0->1
Security context: 0x185dd4b5e291 #0#
    4: /* anonymous */ [/home/conan/nodejs/cnpmjs.org/node_modules/co/index.js:40] (this=0x2a1e646d07e1 #1#,done=0x2d36f5fcdd31 #2#)
    5: /* anonymous */ [/home/conan/nodejs/cnpmjs.org/node_modules/koa/lib/application.js:125] (this=0x2d36f5fab301 #3#,req=0x2d36f5fcacc1 #4#,res=0x2d36f5fcc3f9 #5#)
    6: emit [events.js:100] (this=0x2d36f5fab301 #3#,type=0x8305a126379 )
    7: arguments adaptor frame: 3->1
    8: onIncoming [_http_server.js:450] (this=0x2d36f5fc8029 #6#,req=0x2d36f5fcacc1 #4#,shouldKeepAlive=0x185dd4b04161 )
    
//省略日志

经过检查发现,是Node版本的问题。重新下载编译安装Node,详细操作请参考文章准备Nodejs开发环境Ubuntu,升级后的版本为

  • Node v0.13.0-pre
  • NPM 1.4.21

第三次,启动CNPM服务器。


~ node --harmony_generators dispatch.js
[Tue Sep 02 2014 16:00:25 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:14842:common/redis.js] Redis config can not found
[Tue Sep 02 2014 16:00:25 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:14842] Server started, registry server listen at undefined:7001, web listen at undefined:7002, cluster: false
[Tue Sep 02 2014 16:00:25 GMT+0800 (CST)] [worker:14842] mysql ready, got 13 tables

通过浏览器访问,CNPM服务:http://192.168.1.20:7002

CNPM搭建私有的NPM服务_第2张图片

终于正常了,这样就成功搭建了私有的NPM注册服务。

搜索一下,我之前在NPM发布的自己的包ape-algorithm,发现没有结果,根据界面提示CNPM应用会自动去NPM上同步。

第一次同步操作,会下载很多的包,大家要耐心等待啊。页面不能切换!

3. 设置私有注册库的三种方法

我们自己搭建的私有服务怎么用呢?

我们先建一个项目目录


~ /home/conan/nodejs
~ mkdir nodejs-cnpm && cd nodejs-cnpm

3.1 下载指定私有库

一种简单的方式就是,下载的时候指定我们自己的私有库,这样就会从我们自己的私有库中下载。如果私有库没有对应的库,CNPM会自动同步到NPM 找到我们要下载的库和版本,先在CNPM中存一份,然后再传给客户端一份,运行原理和Maven的原理一样。

执行下载的操作


~ npm install ape-algorithm --registry=http://192.168.1.20:7001
[email protected] node_modules/ape-algorithm
└── [email protected]

# 查看下载的库
~ ls -l
drwxrwxr-x 3 conan conan 4096  9月  2 16:36 node_modules

3.2 给项目设置私有库

如果这个项目所有依赖库都从公司内网下载,那么我们可以给整个项目设置私有库,就不需要每次下载的时候单独指定了。

首先,我们查看项目的默设置,通过npm config list命令。


~ npm config list

; cli configs
registry = "https://registry.npmjs.org/"
user-agent = "npm/1.4.21 node/v0.13.0-pre linux x64"

; node bin location = /usr/local/bin/node
; cwd = /home/conan/nodejs/nodejs-cnpm
; HOME = /home/conan
; 'npm config ls -l' to show all defaults.

registry属性是指向NPM的官司位置https://registry.npmjs.org/,我们可以通过npm config set registry命令来修改这个配置。


~ npm config set registry http://192.168.1.20:7001

# 再次查看项目设置
~ npm config list
; cli configs
registry = "http://192.168.1.20:7001/"
user-agent = "npm/1.4.21 node/v0.13.0-pre linux x64"

; userconfig /home/conan/.npmrc
registry = "http://192.168.1.20:7001/"

; node bin location = /usr/local/bin/node
; cwd = /home/conan/nodejs/nodejs-cnpm
; HOME = /home/conan

这个项目再下载新包时,就会通过我们私有库去下载。

3.3 给用户设置私有库

如果我们的开发环境在内网,不允许访问外网,那么我们可以设置全局的NPM库。

在当前用户所在的根目录,找到.npmrc文件,配置NPM私有库。


~  vi ~/.npmrc

registry=http://192.168.1.20:7001

设置成功后,当前用户的所有NPM下载都会通过私有库来完成。

3.4 设置淘宝的开放库

我们除了使用自己的私有库,还可以使用淘宝的NPM库,这样可以有效地避免国内访问国外NPM库,网络不通的问题。

按照上面的方法,把registry配置为https://registry.npm.taobao.org 就行了。


registry = "https://registry.npm.taobao.org/"

4. CNPM的客户端使用

CNPM 不仅提供服务端的功能,还提供了客户端的访问功能,就像NPM一样。通过全局安装cnpm包,可以完全取代了npm的命令操作了。

安装cnpm客户端


~ sudo npm install -g cnpm

/usr/local/bin/cnpm -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm/bin/cnpm
/usr/local/bin/cnpm-sync -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm/bin/cnpm-sync
/usr/local/bin/cnpm-check -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm/bin/cnpm-check
/usr/local/bin/cnpm-web -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm/bin/cnpm-web
/usr/local/bin/cnpm-user -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm/bin/cnpm-user
/usr/local/bin/cnpm-doc -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm/bin/cnpm-doc
/usr/local/bin/cnpm-search -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm/bin/cnpm-search
[email protected] /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cnpm
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
├── [email protected]
└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

测试一下,通过cnpm安装gulp包。


~ cnpm install gulp

> [email protected] install /home/conan/nodejs/nodejs-cnpm/node_modules/gulp/node_modules/gulp-util/node_modules/vinyl/node_modules/node-v8-clone
> node-gyp rebuild

[email protected] node_modules/gulp
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
├── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

效果同NPM一样,gulp包被成功安装。

当我们要发布包到NPM的时候,由于CNPM默认同步时间差是30分钟,如果想马上同步,需要手动输入同步的命令。

同步gulp包。


~ cnpm sync gulp

Start sync ["gulp"].
sync gulp, PUT http://r.cnpmjs.org/gulp/sync?publish=false&nodeps=false
logurl: http://cnpmjs.org/sync/gulp#logid=10798
[2014-09-02 05:18:09] user: anonymous, sync gulp worker start, 1 concurrency, nodeps: false, publish: false
[2014-09-02 05:18:09] [c#0] [gulp] pkg status: 200, start...
[2014-09-02 05:18:09]   [gulp] found 15 missing star users
[2014-09-02 05:18:09]   [gulp] all versions are exists
[2014-09-02 05:18:09]   [gulp] no versions need to deleted
[2014-09-02 05:18:09]   [gulp] saving 15 star users
[2014-09-02 05:18:09]   [gulp] saving 3/187 missing npm users: ["mittya","160mph","vivainio"]
[2014-09-02 05:18:09] [c#0] [gulp] synced success, 0 versions:
[2014-09-02 05:18:09] [c#0] setImmediate after, gulp done, start next...
[2014-09-02 05:18:09] [done] Sync gulp module finished, 1 success, 0 fail
Success: [ gulp ]
Fail: [  ]
sync gulp, PUT https://registry.npm.taobao.org/gulp/sync?publish=false&nodeps=false
logurl: https://npm.taobao.org/sync/gulp#logid=8354
[2014-09-02 17:18:13] user: anonymous, sync gulp worker start, 1 concurrency, nodeps: false, publish: false
[2014-09-02 17:18:14] [c#0] [gulp] pkg status: 200, start...
[2014-09-02 17:18:14]   [gulp] found 15 missing star users
[2014-09-02 17:18:14]   [gulp] all versions are exists
[2014-09-02 17:18:14]   [gulp] saving 15 star users
[2014-09-02 17:18:14]   [gulp] no versions need to deleted
[2014-09-02 17:18:15]   [gulp] saving 3/188 missing npm users: ["mittya","160mph","vivainio"]
[2014-09-02 17:18:15] [c#0] setImmediate after, gulp done, start next...
[2014-09-02 17:18:15] [c#0] [gulp] synced success, 0 versions:
[2014-09-02 17:18:15] [done] Sync gulp module finished, 1 success, 0 fail
Success: [ gulp ]
Fail: [  ]
Sync all packages done, successed: ["gulp"], failed: []

这样我们就完全地把CNPM私有库在公司内部用起来了。把包管理的问题解决了,让程序员可以踏踏实实地写代码才是最重要的!!

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/nodejs-cnpm-npm/

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