RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署

RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署

  • 一、主机环境以及配置
    • 1.1 Oracle 软硬件要求
    • 1.2 ASM磁盘组规划
    • 1.3 主机网络规划
    • 1.4 操作系统配置部分
  • 二、Grid集群软件安装部分
  • 三、Oracle DataBase软件安装
  • 四、DBCA创建实例

一、主机环境以及配置

虚拟主机环境
RAC主机名:rac1、rac2
CPU:Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2670 v2 @ 2.50GHz 4core
内存:32G
操作环境: RHEL 7.4 + Oracle 19c + UDEV
SSD:INTEL P3700 1.6T NVME
存储:Openfiler

1.1 Oracle 软硬件要求

官方要求操作系统要在RHEL 7.4及以上
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/cwlin/supported-red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-distributions-for-x86-64.html#GUID-2E11B561-6587-4789-A583-2E33D705E498
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第1张图片
禁用透明大页
在这里插入图片描述
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第2张图片

rac需要的最少rpm包
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/cwlin/supported-red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-distributions-for-x86-64.html#GUID-2E11B561-6587-4789-A583-2E33D705E498
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第3张图片

asm磁盘大小规划最小要求
EXTERNAL最少要30G
NORMAL冗余最少要60G

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/cwlin/oracle-clusterware-storage-space-requirements.html#GUID-97FD5D40-A65B-4575-AD12-06C491AF3F41
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第4张图片

1.2 ASM磁盘组规划

ASM磁盘组 用途 大小 冗余
CRS_GIMR ocr、voting file、19c grid管理库 30G+30G+30G NORMAL
DATA 数据文件 20G EXTERNAL

1.3 主机网络规划

网络配置 节点1 节点2
主机名称 rac1 rac2
public ip 192.168.189.211 192.168.189.212
private ip 10.10.10.211 10.10.10.212
vip 192.168.189.213 192.168.189.214
scan ip 192.168.189.215 192.168.189.215

1.4 操作系统配置部分

两个节点主机名设置

hostnamectl set-hostname racnnode1

1、关闭防火墙
在两个节点关闭防火墙

[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl disabled firewalld

2、关闭selinux
在两个节点关闭selinux

[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@rac1 ~]#setenforce 0

3、hosts文件配置
在两个节点修改hosts文件

[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
#public ip ent0
192.168.189.211    rac1
192.168.189.212    rac2
192.168.189.213    rac1-vip
192.168.189.214    rac2-vip
10.10.10.211       rac1-prv
10.10.10.212       rac2-prv
192.168.189.215    rac-scan

4、依赖包配置
在两个节点安装rac需要的依赖包

[root@rac1 ~]# 
yum install -y binutils
yum install -y compat-libcap1
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.i686
yum install -y gcc
yum install -y gcc-c++
yum install -y glibc
yum install -y glibc.i686
yum install -y glibc-devel
yum install -y glibc-devel.i686
yum install -y ksh
yum install -y libgcc
yum install -y libgcc.i686
yum install -y libstdc++
yum install -y libstdc++.i686
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y libstdc++-devel.i686
yum install -y libaio
yum install -y libaio.i686
yum install -y libaio-devel
yum install -y libaio-devel.i686
yum install -y libXext
yum install -y libXext.i686
yum install -y libXtst
yum install -y libXtst.i686
yum install -y libX11
yum install -y libX11.i686
yum install -y libXau
yum install -y libXau.i686
yum install -y libxcb
yum install -y libxcb.i686
yum install -y libXi
yum install -y libXi.i686
yum install -y make
yum install -y sysstat
yum install -y unixODBC
yum install -y unixODBC-devel
yum install -y readline
yum install -y libtermcap-devel
yum install -y bc
yum install -y compat-libstdc++
yum install -y elfutils-libelf
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install -y fontconfig-devel
yum install -y libXi
yum install -y libXtst
yum install -y libXrender
yum install -y libXrender-devel
yum install -y libgcc
yum install -y librdmacm-devel
yum install -y libstdc++
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y net-tools
yum install -y nfs-utils
yum install -y python
yum install -y python-configshell
yum install -y python-rtslib
yum install -y python-six
yum install -y targetcli
yum install -y smartmontools

rhel7还需单独安装一个独立包rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

5、关闭时间同步ntpd服务

检查两节点时间,时区是否相同,并禁止ntp
[root@rac1 ~]#systemctl disable ntpd.service
[root@rac1 ~]#systemctl stop ntpd.service
[root@rac1 ~]#mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.orig
[root@rac1 ~]#systemctl status ntpd

时区设置
# timedatectl list-timezones |grep Shanghai    #查找中国时区的完整名称
Asia/Shanghai
# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai 

6、创建用户及用户组
在两个节点创建oracle,grid用户组

[root@rac1 ~]
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall  
groupadd -g 54322 dba  
groupadd -g 54323 oper  
groupadd -g 54324 backupdba  
groupadd -g 54325 dgdba  
groupadd -g 54326 kmdba  
groupadd -g 54327 asmdba  
groupadd -g 54328 asmoper  
groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin  
groupadd -g 54330 racdba  
  
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle  
useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid 

设置grid、oracle密码

[root@rac1 ~]
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin grid

7、创建文件目录
在两个节点创建grid、oracle文件目录

[root@rac1 ~]
mkdir -p /u01/app/19.0.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/

8、修改20-nproc.conf
在两个节点修改/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
# Change this
#注释这行*          soft    nproc    1024
# To this增加下面一行
* - nproc 16384

9、修改limits.conf
在两个节点修改/etc/security/limits.conf

[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/security/limits.conf
#ORACLE SETTING
grid  soft  nproc 16384
grid  hard  nproc 16384
grid  soft  nofile 1024
grid  hard  nofile 65536
grid  soft  stack 10240
grid  hard  stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack  10240
oracle hard stack  32768
oracle hard memlock 3145728
oracle soft memlock 3145728

10、修改login
在两个节点修改/etc/pam.d/login文件

[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/pam.d/login
#ORACLE SETTING
session    required     pam_limits.so

11、修改sysctl.conf
在两个节点修改/etc/sysctl.conf

[root@rac1 ~]vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#ORACLE SETTING
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmax = 15461882265
kernel.shmall = 3774873
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

12、停止avahi-daemon服务
两个节点分别操作

[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket
[root@rac1 ~]# systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service
ps -ef|grep avahi-daemon
kill -9 pid avahi-daemon

13、添加NOZEROCONF=yes参数

[root@rac1 rpm]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NOZEROCONF=yes

14、修改grid用户环境变量
节点1 grid

[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid

[grid@rac1:/home/grid]$vi ~/.bash_profile

PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022

export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19.0.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi

节点2 grid

[root@rac2 ~]# su - grid

[grid@rac2:/home/grid]$vi ~/.bash_profile

PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022

export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19.0.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi

15、修改oracle用户环境变量
节点1 oracle

[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1:/home/oracle]$vi ~/.bash_profile

PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'

export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi

节点2 oracle

[root@rac2 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac2:/home/oracle]$vi ~/.bash_profile

PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'

export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi

16、修改root环境变量
加入grid用户$ORACLE_HOME

[root@rac1 opt]# vi ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:/u01/app/19.0.0/grid/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH


17、禁用透明大页
oracle官方建议关闭透明大页

1 修改grub文件
cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak
vi /etc/default/grub

2 增加一行transparent_hugepage=never到尾部
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=
"rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never

3 执行命令
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg


4 不重启生效
[root@rac1 ~]#echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled  

5 查看是否禁用透明大页
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]

[root@rac2 ~]# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo
AnonHugePages:         0 kB---------->>>返回值若是零,代表成功禁用THP

18、修改共享存储、udev规则
在节点1和节点2,固定设备名称并且赋予grid属性,执行如下命令,用来生成udev规则

1 取得DM_UUID

cd /dev/mapper
for i in `ls mpath*`; 
do printf "%s %s\n" "$i" "$(udevadm info --query=all --name=/dev/mapper/$i |grep -i dm_uuid)"; 
done

2 生成rules文件

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455232776b726c352d4557426d2d43776568",SYMLINK+="asm_crs_1_30g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552477a424f6e592d644b49572d56614c4b",SYMLINK+="asm_crs_2_30g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c45524e5871614c522d74376d482d5a564272",SYMLINK+="asm_crs_3_30g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552386e674a70452d4959334f2d47745667",SYMLINK+="asm_data_1_20g",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

3重新加载udev
udevadm control --reload-rules
udevadm trigger

4查看asm磁盘

[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*

19、节点2拷贝节点1的udev规则文件

scp rac1:/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

二、Grid集群软件安装部分

1、上传集群软件包
在节点1上传grid安装包

[root@rac1 grid]# ll
-rwxr-xr-x 1 grid oinstall 5.1G Jan 28 15:58 LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip

2、解压grid安装包
在18C中需要把grid包解压放到grid用户下ORACLE_HOME目录内
解压文件到/u01/app/19.0.0/grid

[grid@rac2 grid]$ cd /u01/app/19.0.0/grid
[grid@rac2 grid]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip

3、进入grid集群软件目录执行安装

[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./gridSetup.sh 

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4、GUI安装步骤
4.1 创建新的集群

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4.2 配置集群名称以及scan名称
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4.3 节点互信
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4.4 公网、私网网段选择
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4.5 选择asm存储
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4.6 选择配置GIMR
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4.7 这里选择ocr、voting file与gimr放在一起
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4.8 选择asm磁盘组
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4.9 输入密码
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4.10 保持默认

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4.11 保持默认
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4.12保持默认
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4.13 确认base目录
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4.14保持默认
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4.15这里可以选择自动root执行脚本
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4.16 预安装检查
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4.17 解决相关依赖后,忽略如下报错
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4.18 安装前摘要
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第23张图片

4.19 如下警告可以忽略
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第24张图片
如上警告是由于没有使用DNS解析造成可忽略
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4.20 grid安装完毕
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第26张图片

三、Oracle DataBase软件安装

解压压缩包到oracle用户的ORACLE_HOME目录,执行安装

[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ unzip /opt/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ ./runInstaller

1 software only
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2 选择rac
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第28张图片

3 ssh互信验证
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4 保持默认
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5 保持默认
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6 保持默认
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7 可选择自动执行root脚本
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8 预安装前检查
忽略如下警告
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第34张图片

9 安装摘要
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10 开始安装
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11 执行root脚本
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12 oracle软件安装部分结束
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四、DBCA创建实例

在创建实例前先通过grid的asmca创建磁盘组,随后再用oracle dbca创建实例
1、通过asmca创建oracle数据文件磁盘组
[grid@rac1 grid]$ asmca

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data磁盘组
RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第40张图片

asm磁盘组创建完毕

2、dbca图形化安装实例
[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ dbca
常规配置DBCA
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RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第49张图片

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RedHat 7.4下Oracle 19c RAC部署_第56张图片
DBCA完成

查看集群状态

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stat res -t           
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS_GIMR.GHCHKPT.advm
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac1                     STABLE
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac2                     STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
ora.chad
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
ora.crs_gimr.ghchkpt.acfs
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac1                     STABLE
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac2                     STABLE
ora.helper
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac1                     IDLE,STABLE
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac2                     IDLE,STABLE
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac1                     STABLE
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac2                     STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup)
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
      3        ONLINE  OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.CRS_GIMR.dg(ora.asmgroup)
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.DATA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     169.254.11.15 10.10.
                                                             10.211,STABLE
ora.asm(ora.asmgroup)
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Started,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     Started,STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup)
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open,STABLE
ora.orcl.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/19.0.0
                                                             /db_1,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/19.0.0
                                                             /db_1,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     STABLE
ora.rhpserver
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


查看数据库版本

[oracle@rac1 db_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> col banner_full for a120
SQL> select BANNER_FULL from v$version;

BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

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