Hive授权（Security配置）

 

摘：https://cwiki.apache.org/Hive/languagemanual-auth.html

       https://cwiki.apache.org/Hive/authdev.html

       http://grokbase.com/t/hive/user/11aksphhas/authorization-and-remote-connection-on-cdh3u1

 

     HIVE授权管理，类似于操作系统权限可以授予给不同的主题，如用户(USER)，组(GROUP)，角色(ROLES)，Hive还是支持相当多的权限管理功能，满足一般数据仓库的使用，同时HIVE能支持自定义权限。

     HIVE授权并不是完全安全，在其目前的形式来看,授权方案的目的是主要是为了防止用户不小心好做了不合法的操作,但不承诺防止用户恶意破坏。

 

一、HIVE新建文件权限

    Hive由一个默认的设置来配置新建文件的默认权限。

<property>
  <name>hive.files.umask.valuename>
  <value>0002value>
  <description>The dfs.umask value for the hive created foldersdescription>
property>

hive.files.umask.value 0002 The dfs.umask value for the hive created folders

 创建文件授权掩码为0002，即664权限，具体要看hadoop与hive用户配置。

 

二、HIVE授权存储检查

     当hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks属性被设置成true时，Hive将会阻止没有权限的用户进行表删除操作。不过这个配置的默认值是false，应该设置成true。

<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checksname>
  <value>truevalue>
  <description>Should the metastore do authorization checks against
  the underlying storage for operations like drop-partition (disallow
  the drop-partition if the user in question doesn't have permissions
  to delete the corresponding directory on the storage).description>
property>

hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks true Should the metastore do authorization checks against the underlying storage for operations like drop-partition (disallow the drop-partition if the user in question doesn't have permissions to delete the corresponding directory on the storage).

 同时，Hive会尽可能地将hive.metastore.execute.setugi设置成true。在不安全的模式,将这个属性设置为true将导致metastore执行DFS操作定义用户和组权限。

 

三、HIVE身份验证

 

1.开启Hive的身份认证功能，默认是false

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.enabledname>
  <value>truevalue>
  <description>Enable or disable the hive client authorizationdescription>
property>

hive.security.authorization.enabled true Enable or disable the hive client authorization

 2.表创建者用于的权限配置项

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grantsname>
  <value>ALLvalue>
  <description>The privileges automatically granted to the owner whenever
  a table gets created.An example like "select,drop" will grant select
  and drop privilege to the owner of the tabledescription>
property>

hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants ALL The privileges automatically granted to the owner whenever a table gets created.An example like "select,drop" will grant select and drop privilege to the owner of the table

 这个配置默认是NULL，建议将其设置成ALL，让用户能够访问自己创建的表。

 

四、案例说明

1.在命令行环境开启用户认证

hive> set hive.security.authorization.enabled=true;
hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test (key int, value string);
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Create' found for outputs { database:default}.
Use show grant to get more details.

hive> set hive.security.authorization.enabled=true; hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test (key int, value string); Authorization failed:No privilege 'Create' found for outputs { database:default}. Use show grant to get more details.

提示建表需要权限了。

权限可以授予给不同的主题，如用户(USER)，组(GROUP)，角色(ROLES)

现在通过授权方式，将权限授予给当前用户：

hive> set system:user.name;
system:user.name=hadoop
hive> GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE default TO USER hadoop;
hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test (key INT, value STRING);

hive> set system:user.name;system:user.name=hadoophive> GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE default TO USER hadoop;hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test (key INT, value STRING);

 

通过SHOW GRANT命令确认我们拥有的权限:

hive> SHOW GRANT USER hadoop ON DATABASE default;
database default
principalName hadoop
principalType USER
privilege Create
grantTime Wed Mar 08 19:18:10 EDT 2013
grantor hadoop

hive> SHOW GRANT USER hadoop ON DATABASE default; database default principalName hadoop principalType USER privilege Create grantTime Wed Mar 08 19:18:10 EDT 2013 grantor hadoop

 

当Hive里面用于N多用户和N多张表的时候，管理员给每个用户授权每张表会让他崩溃的。
所以，这个时候就可以进行组(GROUP)授权。
Hive里的用户组的定义等价于POSIX里面的用户组。

 

hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test_group(a int,b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_group;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:auth_test_group, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> GRANT SELECT on table auth_test_group to group hadoop;
hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_group;
OK
Time taken: 0.119 seconds

hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test_group(a int,b int);hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_group;Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs{ database:default, table:auth_test_group, columnName:a}.Use show grant to get more details.hive> GRANT SELECT on table auth_test_group to group hadoop;hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_group;OKTime taken: 0.119 seconds

当给用户组授权变得不够灵活的时候，角色(ROLES)就派上用途了。
用户可以被放在某个角色之中，然后角色可以被授权。
角色不同于用户组，是由Hadoop控制的，它是由Hive内部进行管理的。

 

hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test_role (a int , b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_role;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:auth_test_role, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> CREATE ROLE users_who_can_select_auth_test_role;
hive> GRANT ROLE users_who_can_select_auth_test_role TO USER hadoop;
hive> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE auth_test_role
> TO ROLE users_who_can_select_auth_test_role;
hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_role;
OK
Time taken: 0.103 seconds

hive> CREATE TABLE auth_test_role (a int , b int);hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_role;Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs{ database:default, table:auth_test_role, columnName:a}.Use show grant to get more details.hive> CREATE ROLE users_who_can_select_auth_test_role;hive> GRANT ROLE users_who_can_select_auth_test_role TO USER hadoop;hive> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE auth_test_role> TO ROLE users_who_can_select_auth_test_role;hive> SELECT * FROM auth_test_role;OKTime taken: 0.103 seconds

 

五、分区表级别的授权

 

默认情况下，分区表的授权将会跟随表的授权，也可以给每一个分区建立一个授权机制，只需要设置表的属性PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE设置成TRUE:

 

hive> ALTER TABLE auth_part
> SET TBLPROPERTIES ("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"="TRUE");
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Alter' found for inputs
{database:default, table:auth_part}.
Use show grant to get more details.

hive> ALTER TABLE auth_part> SET TBLPROPERTIES ("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"="TRUE");Authorization failed:No privilege 'Alter' found for inputs{database:default, table:auth_part}.Use show grant to get more details.

 

六、自动授权

 

属性hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants决定了
建表者对表拥有的权限，一版情况下，有select和drop

 

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grantsname>
  <value>select,dropvalue>
property>

hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants select,drop

 

类似的，特定的用户可以被在表创建的时候自动授予其权限。

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.user.grantsname>
  <value>irwin,hadoop:select;tom:createvalue>
property>

hive.security.authorization.createtable.user.grants irwin,hadoop:select;tom:create

 当表建立的时候，管理员irwin和用户hadoop授予读所有表的权限。而tom只能创建表。

 

同样的配置也可以作用于组授权和角色授权

hive.security.authorization.createtable.group.grants
hive.security.authorization.createtable.role.grants

hive.security.authorization.createtable.group.grantshive.security.authorization.createtable.role.grants

 

七、删除授权

--回收用户hadoop的create授权
revoke create on database default from user hadoop;

--回收组hadoop的select授权
revoke select on database default from group hadoop;

--回收用户hadoop的create授权revoke create on database default from user hadoop;--回收组hadoop的select授权revoke select on database default from group hadoop;

 

 

附录：常用的授权关键字

ALTER	更改表结构，创建分区
CREATE	创建表
DROP	删除表，或分区
INDEX	创建和删除索引
LOCK	锁定表，保证并发
SELECT	查询表权限
SHOW_DATABASE	查看数据库权限
UPDATE

 

forwarded from http://yugouai.iteye.com/blog/1864772