Netty4（二）服务端和客户端实现

本文介绍netty4实现的服务端和单连接客户端，并实现通信

目标

用netty4实现一个服务端和客户端，两者之间可以进行测试通信

代码UML类图

服务端

客户端

Netty4实现服务端

服务类

package com.mym.netty.server;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

/**
 * netty服务端
 */
public class NettyServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startServer();
    }

    public static void startServer(){
        //1.定义server启动类
        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();

        //2.定义工作组:boss分发请求给各个worker:boss负责监听端口请求，worker负责处理请求（读写）
        EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        //3.定义工作组
        serverBootstrap.group(boss,worker);

        //4.设置通道channel
        serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);//A
        //serverBootstrap.channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory(NioServerSocketChannel.class));//旧版本的写法，但是此过程在A中有同样过程

        //5.添加handler，管道中的处理器，通过ChannelInitializer来构造
        serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
                //此方法每次客户端连接都会调用，是为通道初始化的方法

                //获得通道channel中的管道链（执行链、handler链）
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline();
                pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder());
                pipeline.addLast("serverHandler1",new ServerHandler());
                pipeline.addLast("serverHandler2",new ServerHandler2());
                pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder());

                System.out.println("success to initHandler!");
            }
        });

        //6.设置参数
        //设置参数，TCP参数
        serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 2048);         //连接缓冲池的大小
        serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);//维持链接的活跃，清除死链接
        serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true);//关闭延迟发送

        //7.绑定ip和port
        try {
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind("0.0.0.0", 9099).sync();//Future模式的channel对象
            //7.5.监听关闭
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();  //等待服务关闭，关闭后应该释放资源
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("server start got exception!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //8.优雅的关闭资源
            boss.shutdownGracefully();
            worker.shutdownGracefully();
        }

    }
}

Handler1

package com.mym.netty.server;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {


    /*
    * ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter：ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter是ChannelInboundHandler的一个简单实现，默认情况下不会做任何处理，
    *   只是简单的将操作通过fire*方法传递到ChannelPipeline中的下一个ChannelHandler中让链中的下一个ChannelHandler去处理。
    *
    * SimpleChannelInboundHandler：SimpleChannelInboundHandler支持泛型的消息处理，默认情况下消息处理完将会被自动释放，无法提供
    *   fire*方法传递给ChannelPipeline中的下一个ChannelHandler,如果想要传递给下一个ChannelHandler需要调用ReferenceCountUtil#retain方法。
    * */

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ServerHandler receive msg:"+msg.toString());

        //写消息：先得到channel，在写如通道然后flush刷新通道把消息发出去。
        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("this is ServerHandler reply msg happend at !"+System.currentTimeMillis());

        //把消息往下一个Handler传
        ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
    }
}

Handler2

package com.mym.netty.server;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

public class ServerHandler2  extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ServerHandler2 receive msg:"+msg.toString());
        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("this is ServerHandler2 reply msg happend at !"+System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

Netty4实现客户端

客户端服务类

package com.mym.netty.client;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
 * netty客户端
 */
public class NettySingleClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startClient();
    }

    public static void startClient(){
        //1.定义服务类
        Bootstrap clientBootstap = new Bootstrap();

        //2.定义执行线程组
        EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        //3.设置线程池
        clientBootstap.group(worker);

        //4.设置通道
        clientBootstap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);

        //5.添加Handler
        clientBootstap.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("client channel init!");
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline();
                pipeline.addLast("StringDecoder",new StringDecoder());
                pipeline.addLast("StringEncoder",new StringEncoder());
                pipeline.addLast("ClientHandler",new ClientHandler());
            }
        });

        //6.建立连接
        ChannelFuture channelFuture = clientBootstap.connect("0.0.0.0",9099);
        try {
            //7.测试输入
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            while(true){
                System.out.println("请输入：");
                String msg = bufferedReader.readLine();
                channelFuture.channel().writeAndFlush(msg);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //8.关闭连接
            worker.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

客户端的handler

package com.mym.netty.client;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client receive msg:"+msg.toString());
    }
}

测试

启动服务端和客户端后，客户端发送nihao!服务端回应，然后客户端发送hello，服务端回应。
服务端输出

success to initHandler!
ServerHandler receive msg:nihao！
ServerHandler2 receive msg:nihao！
ServerHandler receive msg:hello
ServerHandler2 receive msg:hello

客户端输出

client channel init!
请输入：
nihao！
请输入：
client receive msg:this is ServerHandler reply msg happend at !1531893027697this is ServerHandler2 reply msg happend at !1531893027698
hello
请输入：
client receive msg:this is ServerHandler reply msg happend at !1531893045446this is ServerHandler2 reply msg happend at !1531893045447

小结

需要注意的是，服务端和客户端除了启动类和socket channel不一样以外，其他几乎一致的操作。

本文的客户端是单连接，下文将介绍多连接客户端的操作。