MySQL主备复制集群安装详细步骤

目录

 

0. 前言

1. 准备与下载

2. 安装MySQL主实例

3. 安装MySQL备实例

4. 主备实例建立连接

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0. 前言

先给MySQL打个广告简单介绍一下

MySQL作为一个RDBMS数据库的优势：

1. 运行速度快，MySQL体积小，命令执行的速度快。
2. 使用成本低。MySQL是开源的，且提供免费版本，对大多数用户来说大大降低了使用成本。
3. 使用容易。与其他大型数据库的设置和管理相比，其复杂程度较低，易于使用。
4. 可移植性强。MySQL能够运行与多种系统平台上，如windouws，Linux，Unix等。
5. 适用更多用户。MySQL支持最常用的数据管理功能，适用于中小型企业甚至大型网站应用。

MySQL集群的优势：

1. 99.999%的高可用性
2. 快速的自动失效切换
3. 灵活的分布式体系结构，没有单点故障
4. 高吞吐量和低延迟
5. 可扩展性强，支持在线扩容

MySQL基础语法介绍见菜鸟网站: https://www.runoob.com/mysql/mysql-tutorial.html

前方预警，干货来了！！！

 

1. 准备与下载

主从集群，顾名思义就是一个master主机，多个slave从属机，为了简便，我们这里只用两台linux服务器做集群当演练，一个当master，一个当slave，后续如需要集群扩容，可以多加slave机器，操作与之相同

登陆MySQL官网，进入社区版https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads，选择linux 通用版，这里我使用下载好的5.7.19版

把该安装包分别上传到主(192.168.xxx.133)，备(192.168.xxx.134) 实例所在的服务器/opt中，需提前安装好jdk

2. 安装MySQL主实例

步骤1. 把下载好的安装包上传到主实例服务器(192.168.xxx.133)，并切换到root用户

步骤2. 解压压缩包，并把压缩包改名为mysql

• [root@localhost opt]#  tar -xvf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
• [root@localhost opt]#  mv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

步骤3. 添加mysql用户和组

• [root@localhost opt]#  groupadd mysql
• [root@localhost opt]#  useradd mysql -g mysql

步骤4. 创建mysql目录并修改属组和权限

• [root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr
• [root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/tmp
• [root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
• [root@localhost opt]# chmod -R 777 /opt/mysql

步骤5. 执行下面命令初始化数据库

• [root@localhost opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr

    打印下面的信息代表初始化成功，记住密码 qCf,j5bu-UfO

    2019-08-02T02:52:12.927579Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: qCf,j5bu-UfO

步骤6. 检查/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr下是否有下面文件

    auto.cnf  ib_buffer_pool  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  performance_schema  sys

步骤7. 在/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr下创建my.cnf文件，并改权限为664，权限太大mysql会忽略这个文件，属组改为mysql：mysql

• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# touch my.cnf
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# chown mysql:mysql my.cnf 
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# chmod 664 my.cnf 
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# vim my.cnf 

[mysqld]
basedir = /opt/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/assettree-dbsvr.sock
log-error = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/mysql.err
pid-file = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/assettree-dbsvr.pid
character-set-server=utf8
tmpdir = /opt/mysql/tmp
binlog_format = row
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_connections=1000
max_allowed_packet = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
server-id = 100
log-bin = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/mysql_bin
log-bin-index = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/mysql_bin.index
relay-log = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/relay_bin.index
relay-log-index = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/relay_bin.index
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/assettree-dbsvr.sock
default-character-set=utf8

 步骤8. 切换到mysql用户，映射my.cnf文件启动mysql，由于会进程一直跑，故可放到后台

• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# su mysql
• [mysql@localhost assettree-dbsvr]$ nohup /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/my.cnf" --safe-user-create --basedir=/opt/mysql --user=mysql &

    这里如果需要关闭mysql，可以用 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1  shutdown, 也可以直接杀死进程，但       一般不推荐

步骤9. 切换到root用户，用之前生成的密码登陆mysql

• [mysql@localhost assettree-dbsvr]$ exit
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pqCf,j5bu-UfO -h127.0.0.1

步骤10. 执行下面mysql，进行更改密码为root，创建用户和刷新权限

• mysql> set password=password('root');
• mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
• mysql> CREATE USER 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
• mysql> CREATE USER 'rpluser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'rpluser'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'rpluser'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;RESET MASTER;
• mysql> CREATE USER 'testbot'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'testbot'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

3. 安装MySQL备实例

备实例安装和主实例前七步是一致的

步骤1. 把下载好的安装包上传到主实例服务器(192.168.xxx.134)，并切换到root用户

步骤2. 解压压缩包，并把压缩包改名为mysql

• [root@localhost opt]#  tar -xvf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
• [root@localhost opt]#  mv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

步骤3. 添加mysql用户和组

• [root@localhost opt]#  groupadd mysql
• [root@localhost opt]#  useradd mysql -g mysql

步骤4. 创建mysql目录并修改属组和权限

• [root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr
• [root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/tmp
• [root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
• [root@localhost opt]# chmod -R 777 /opt/mysql

步骤5. 执行下面命令初始化数据库

• [root@localhost opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr

    打印下面的信息代表初始化成功，记住密码 Q<(.!M5ppwn! 

    2019-08-02T02:52:12.927579Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Q<(.!M5ppwn!

步骤6. 检查/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr下是否有下面文件

    auto.cnf  ib_buffer_pool  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  performance_schema  sys

步骤7. 在/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr下创建my.cnf文件，并改权限为664，权限太大mysql会忽略这个文件，属组改为mysql：mysql

• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# touch my.cnf
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# chown mysql:mysql my.cnf 
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# chmod 664 my.cnf 
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# vim my.cnf 

[mysqld]
basedir = /opt/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/assettree-dbsvr.sock
log-error = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/mysql.err
pid-file = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/assettree-dbsvr.pid
character-set-server=utf8
tmpdir = /opt/mysql/tmp
binlog_format = row
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_connections=1000
max_allowed_packet = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
server-id = 200  #每一个数据库id需要不同
log-bin = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/mysql_bin
log-bin-index = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/mysql_bin.index
relay-log = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/relay_bin.index
relay-log-index = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/relay_bin.index
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
read_only=1    #需添加
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/assettree-dbsvr.sock
default-character-set=utf8

步骤8. 切换到mysql用户，切记一定要切到mysql用户，映射my.cnf文件启动mysql，由于会进程一直跑，故可放到后台

• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# su mysql
• [mysql@localhost assettree-dbsvr]$ /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="/opt/mysql/data/assettree-dbsvr/my.cnf" --safe-user-create --basedir=/opt/mysql --user=mysql &

    这里如果需要关闭mysql，可以用 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1  shutdown, 也可以直接杀死进程，但       一般不推荐

步骤9. 切换到root用户，用之前生成的密码登陆mysql

• [mysql@localhost assettree-dbsvr]$ exit
• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pqCf,j5bu-UfO -h127.0.0.1

步骤10. 执行下面mysql，进行更改密码为root，创建用户和刷新权限

• mysql> set password=password('root');
• mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
• mysql> CREATE USER 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
• mysql> CREATE USER 'rpluser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'rpluser'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'rpluser'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;RESET MASTER;
• mysql> CREATE USER 'testbot'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'testbot'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4. 主备实例建立连接

步骤1. 分别以管理员身份登陆主备数据库 

• [root@localhost assettree-dbsvr]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -proot -h127.0.0.1

步骤2. 在主数据库查看master 状态，记录file和position，下面会用

• mysql> show master status;

       +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
       | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
       +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
       | mysql_bin.000001 |      768 |              |                  |                   |
       +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
       1 row in set (0.00 sec)

步骤3. 在备数据库执行命令，建立主备连接,并开启slave，查看slave状态

• mysql> change master to MASTER_HOST='192.168.xxx.133',  MASTER_PORT=3306, master_user='rpluser', master_password='root',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql_bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=768;
• mysql> start slave;
• mysql> show slave status\G

    在展开的日志中找到

            Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
    即代表成功！

    可进行测试主备集群是否搭建成功，如果某个数据库DDL，DML操作等都能在其他数据库里立马体现出来，则证明真的成功        了！