使用xtrabackup远程备份到及重建数据库

官网

https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/LATEST/innobackupex/streaming_backups_innobackupex.html

远程压缩

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock --stream=tar ./  |ssh [email protected]  "gzip - > /data0/mysql/134_3306.tar.gz" 

本地压缩

innobackupex --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/3317/my.cnf --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql_3317.sock --stream=tar /home/ |gzip - > /data0/full_backmysql_3317/036_3317.tar.gz

mkdir temp 

tar -izxvf 134_3306.tar.gz -C temp/ 

-

准备工作：

从percona网站下载xtrabackup：

wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.3.3/binary/tarball/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.3-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz

创建数据库备份帐号：GRANT SELECT, RELOAD, PROCESS, SUPER, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SHOW VIEW ON *.* TO 'db_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'db_password';

使用percona xtrabackup备份工具，以流备份的方式，直接从本地备份到远程服务器上，当备份数据比较大，而本地磁盘容量又比较小时很有用。

1.备份

#使用tar流备份

/opt/viewer/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.3-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=$MY_CNF --tmpdir=$TMP_DIR --ibbackup=/opt/viewer/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.3-Linux-x86_64/bin/xtrabackup --user=user --password=password --slave-info  --stream tar  $DATA_DIR | ssh $REMOTE_HOST  "cat - > /vobiledata/tmp/${LOCAL_HOST}.mysqldata.tar.lzma"

#使用xbstream流备份

./innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/MySQL/my.cnf --user=xxx --password=xxx --stream=xbstream /vobiledata/mysqldata/ |ssh root@$REMOTE_HOST
 "cd /root/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.3-Linux-x86_64/bin; cat - | ./xbstream -x -C  /vobiledata/mysqldata/" > innobackupex.log 2>&1

#备份指定数据库

./innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=xxx --password=xxx  --databases="db1 db2"  --stream=xbstream /vobiledata/mysqldata/ |ssh root@$REMOTE_HOST
 "cd /root/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.3-Linux-x86_64/bin; cat - | ./xbstream -x -C  /vobiledata/mysqldata/" > innobackupex.log 2>&1

-- 注意 --databases参数值要用引号括起来

2.恢复

#解压数据库备份文件
tar -xi --lzma -f ${db_data_package_file}
        
#还原数据库
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --apply-log --defaults-file={mysql_conf_file} --ibbackup=/usr/bin/xtrabackup_51 --use-memory=2046M ${mysql_data_dir}

#将数据文件拷贝到数据目录，如果解压的时候文件已经在数据库目录下，则可省略此步骤        
#innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --copy-back --defaults-file=${mysql_conf_file} --use-memory=2046M --no-lock ${mysql_data_dir}

#恢复增量备份示例：

/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only ./fullbackup
/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only ./fullbackup --incremental-dir=/data/db_recovery/hostip/incr1
/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only ./fullbackup --incremental-dir=/data/db_recovery/hostip/incr2
/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only ./fullbackup --incremental-dir=/data/db_recovery/hostip/incr3
/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only ./fullbackup --incremental-dir=/data/db_recovery/hostip/incr4
/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only ./fullbackup --incremental-dir=/data/db_recovery/hostip/incr5
/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log ./fullbackup --incremental-dir=/data/db_recovery/hostip/incr6
/usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=./my.cnf --apply-log ./fullbackup

异常处理：

问题1. XtraBackup备份出现"Can't locate Digest/MD5.pm in @INC"
原因分析：安装Xtrabackup 2.4时，没有安装 perl-Digest-MD5组件
解决方法：安装perl-Digest-MD5后，问题即可解决。
redhat及周边系统：yum  install perl-Digest-MD5
debian及周边系统：apt-get install  perl-Digest-MD5
参考文档【http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/6433075.html】

问题2：

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".


170511 16:33:48  version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;host=127.0.0.1;mysql_socket=/data/mysql5.6/mysql.sock' as 'db_backup'  (using password: YES).
Failed to connect to MySQL server as DBD::mysql module is not installed at - line 1327.
170511 16:33:48 Connecting to MySQL server host: 127.0.0.1, user: db_backup, password: set, port: 0, socket: /data/mysql5.6/mysql.sock
Using server version 5.6.27-log

原因：没有安装perl-DBD-MySQL

解决方法：yum install perl-DBD-MySQL