RPC协议

一、什么是RPC协议

RPC,全称为Remote Procedure Call,即远程过程调用,它是一个计算机通信协议。
它允许像调用本地服务一样调用远程服务。它可以有不同的实现方式。
如RMI(远程方法调用)HessianHttp invoker等。
另外,RPC是与语言无关的。

二、RPC结构拆解

深入浅出 RPC

三、RPC简单案例
案例参考

public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {

    @Override
    public String sayHi(String name) {
        return "Hi, " + name;
    }

}
public class ServiceCenter implements Server {
    private static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());

    private static final HashMap serviceRegistry = new HashMap();

    private static boolean isRunning = false;

    private static int port;

    public ServiceCenter(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void stop() {
        isRunning = false;
        executor.shutdown();
    }

    public void start() throws IOException {
        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket();
        server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        System.out.println("start server");
        try {
            while (true) {
                // 1.监听客户端的TCP连接,接到TCP连接后将其封装成task,由线程池执行
                executor.execute(new ServiceTask(server.accept()));
            }
        } finally {
            server.close();
        }
    }

    public void register(Class serviceInterface, Class impl) {
        serviceRegistry.put(serviceInterface.getName(), impl);
    }

    public boolean isRunning() {
        return isRunning;
    }

    public int getPort() {
        return port;
private static class ServiceTask implements Runnable {
    Socket clent = null;

    public ServiceTask(Socket client) {
        this.clent = client;
    }

    public void run() {
        ObjectInputStream input = null;
        ObjectOutputStream output = null;
        try {
            // 2.将客户端发送的码流反序列化成对象,反射调用服务实现者,获取执行结果
            input = new ObjectInputStream(clent.getInputStream());
            String serviceName = input.readUTF();
            String methodName = input.readUTF();
            Class[] parameterTypes = (Class[]) input.readObject();
            Object[] arguments = (Object[]) input.readObject();
            Class serviceClass = serviceRegistry.get(serviceName);
            if (serviceClass == null) {
                throw new ClassNotFoundException(serviceName + " not found");
            }
            Method method = serviceClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
            Object result = method.invoke(serviceClass.newInstance(), arguments);

            // 3.将执行结果反序列化,通过socket发送给客户端
            output = new ObjectOutputStream(clent.getOutputStream());
            output.writeObject(result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (output != null) {
                try {
                    output.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (input != null) {
                try {
                    input.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (clent != null) {
                try {
                    clent.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }
}
public class RPCClient {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static  T getRemoteProxyObj(final Class serviceInterface, final InetSocketAddress addr) {
        // 1.将本地的接口调用转换成JDK的动态代理,在动态代理中实现接口的远程调用
        return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(serviceInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{serviceInterface},
                new InvocationHandler() {
                    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
                        Socket socket = null;
                        ObjectOutputStream output = null;
                        ObjectInputStream input = null;
                        try {
                            // 2.创建Socket客户端,根据指定地址连接远程服务提供者
                            socket = new Socket();
                            socket.connect(addr);

                            // 3.将远程服务调用所需的接口类、方法名、参数列表等编码后发送给服务提供者
                            output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
                            output.writeUTF(serviceInterface.getName());
                            output.writeUTF(method.getName());
                            output.writeObject(method.getParameterTypes());
                            output.writeObject(args);

                            // 4.同步阻塞等待服务器返回应答,获取应答后返回
                            input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
                            return input.readObject();
                        } finally {
                            if (socket != null) socket.close();
                            if (output != null) output.close();
                            if (input != null) input.close();
                        }
                    }
                });
    }
}
public class RPCTest {
    @Test
     public void product() throws IOException{
         Server serviceServer = new ServiceCenter(8088);
         serviceServer.register(HelloService.class, HelloServiceImpl.class);
         serviceServer.start();
     }
     @Test
     public void consume(){
         HelloService service = RPCClient.getRemoteProxyObj(HelloService.class, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8088));
         System.out.println(service.sayHi("test"));
     }
}

案例总结: 这里实现的简单RPC框架是使用Java语言开发,与Java语言高度耦合,并且通信方式采用的Socket是基于BIO实现的,IO效率不高,还有Java原生的序列化机制占内存太多,运行效率也不高。可以考虑从下面几种方法改进。

可以采用基于JSON**数据传输**的RPC框架;
可以使用NIO或直接使用Netty替代BIO实现(网络传输);
使用开源的序列化机制,如Hadoop Avro与Google protobuf等;
服务注册可以使用Zookeeper进行管理,能够让应用更加稳定。

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