redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程

一、Linux系统安装前准备

Linux系统版本为

1.调整系统swap分区大小

root用户下

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x833eb6d8.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 4
First sector (2048-125829119, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-125829119, default 125829119): +20G
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 1 extended, 3 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4096-41945087, default 4096): “回车”
Using default value 4096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4096-41945087, default 41945087): “回车”
Using default value 41945087
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 20970492 KiB
no label, UUID=c985adf5-dbba-48e8-803b-cc34bd0c33b1

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab 

添加如下：

UUID=c985adf5-dbba-48e8-803b-cc34bd0c33b1 swap swap defaults 0 0

[root@localhost ~]# swapon -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   36G  6.2G   30G  18% /
devtmpfs               1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  1.9G  140K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  1.9G  8.8M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0               3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
[root@localhost ~]# free -h
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3.7G       853M       2.9G       9.7M       1.4M       252M
-/+ buffers/cache:       599M       3.1G

Swap:          23G         0B        23G

2.配置yum仓库(本地磁盘镜像iso)

[root@localhost ~] vim etc/yum.repos.d/update.repo

[update]

name=update

baseurl=file:///media/cdrom

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

[root@localhost ~]mkdir /media/cdrom

[root@localhost ~]vim /etc/fstab

/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0

[root@localhost ~]mount -a

3.关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 

SELINUX=disabled

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop iptables.service

二、Oracle安装

1.下载Oracle需要的依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glbic-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh unzip compat-libcap*

2.添加账号跟用户组

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# tail -5 /etc/group
sshd:x:74:
tcpdump:x:72:
yaopeidong:x:1000:
dba:x:1001:
oinstall:x:1002:
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g dba -G oinstall oracle
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(dba) groups=1001(dba),1002(oinstall)
[root@localhost ~]# 

nging password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

3.下载xshell 5  

新建连接，输入IP地址，Linux系统root用户名和密码

创建存储文件目录，输入“rz”，调出上传文件窗口，选中文件，点击打开

4.配置Oracle环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile 

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=oaec
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

5.修改/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件，红色字体为添加内容

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

6.修改/etc/security/limits.conf   红色字体添加到文档末尾

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf 

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

7.修改/etc/pam.d/login   红色字体为添加内容

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth       substack     system-auth
auth       include      postlogin
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      system-auth
password   include      system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
session    optional     pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open
session    required     pam_namespace.so
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      system-auth
session    include      postlogin
-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so

session required pam_limits.so

8.修改/etc/profile   文件末尾添加内容

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

unset -f pathmunge
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
 else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
 umask 022
fi

三、开始安装Oracle

1.解压Oracledatabase的zip文件   必须切换到oracle用户进行解压

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls /var/oracledata/

linuxx64_12201_database.zip

[oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip /var/oracledata/linuxx64_12201_database.zip 

2.oracle用户下，执行如下

报错：Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors

解决方法：

（1）切换到root用户

[root@localhost ~]# DISPLAY=:0.0;export DISPLAY
[root@localhost ~]# echo $DISPLAY

:0.0

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./xhost
access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
SI:localuser:root
[root@localhost bin]# ./xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

（2）切换到oracle用户

[oracle@localhost ~]$ DISPLAY=:0.0;export DISPLAY
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $DISPLAY

:0.0

如没有报错请从这里开始继续往下

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ls
install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller 

3.出现Oracle安装图形界面

（1）取消勾选

（2）选择仅安装数据库软件

（3）选择单实例数据库安装

（4）选择企业版安装

（5）按照上面的步骤执行下来，此步骤的默认目录就不需要修改

（6）选择对产品清单有写权限的用户组

（7）选择对数据库有操作权限的用户组

（8）前置检查中若报错，参数文件大小，请参照https://blog.csdn.net/peidongyao/article/details/80905428

修改完后，reboot重启虚拟机，ulimit -a 检查配置参数

（9）前置检验通过，展示概要信息，点击install

（10）安装到95%是提示，如下图所示，对提示中的.sh文件在root用户下执行

（11）完成安装，点击finish

四、创建实例库

1.oracle用户下执行dbca，弹出Oracle界面

[oracle@localhost ~]$ dbca

2.选择建库模式

3.选择一般用途或事务处理

4.输入全局数据库名orcl   SID为oaec  PDB库名称pdboaec

5.经过两个默认配置，配置到监听，名称填listener

6.选择sga与pga自动管理，进程内存区大小300M，语言设置

7.选择EM端口为5500

8.设置数据库用户密码，建议全部设置一样的，好记忆。

9.创建数据库

10.显示概要信息（忘记截图），点击安装

11.提示finish，点击close

12.测试监听服务

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status

13.尝试连接数据库服务

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

至此安装结束。