http://www.cnblogs.com/ct2011/p/4100132.html
Android WebView做普通浏览还好,做富文本编辑器(执行js:document.body.contentEditable=true;
),常常会遇到各种奇葩的bug,而且很难修复。
尽管Google在版本迭代中不断修复bug,但依旧没法用它来做富文本编辑。
Google为了加强WebView的功能,在Kitkat引入了Chromium内核。但还是存在着编辑的bug。
我所知道的一个bug是:
Kitkat版WebView在删除Html标签时处理不好,例如标签,就无法删除。点击删除时直接越过此元素,将光标定位在图片前方,对图片不做处理。
当然,这个bug在Android 5.0 修复了。
Although WebView has been based on Chromium since Android 4.4, the Chromium layer is now updatable from Google Play.
As new versions of Chromium become available, users can update from Google Play to ensure they get the latest enhancements and bug fixes for WebView, providing the latest web APIs and bug fixes for apps using WebView on Android 5.0 and higher.
可见在Lollipop里,可以通过GooglePlay来更新Chromium内核。
但是问题来了:
显然,即便是有了Lollipop的解决方案,但问题依然很多。我们还是需要一个替代方案,来保证我们在所有的Android手机上表现一致。
这个方案就是在应用中集成Chromium。
由于自己编译Chromium的难度较大,于是转而寻找编译好的Chromium库来使用。
需要声明的是:Chromium内核只能在Android 4.0以上才能使用,之后提到的所有Chromium库都只能在4.0以上平台使用。
最初在寻找替代方案的时候,应该是2013年10月左右,找到了两个Chromium库:
chromeview
这个库封装的较好,但是有一个致命的bug是不能滚动。
README中声明:
Attempting to scroll the view (by swiping a finger across the screen) does not update the displayed image.
However, internally, the view is scrolled.
This can be seen by displaying a stack of buttons and trying to click on the topmost one.
This issue makes ChromeView mostly unusable in production.
注:这个库的README最新声明里面推荐了Crosswalk,作者还是很用心的。
android-chromium
这个库整体稳定,不存在上面的bug。用它作为编辑器差不多一年,没有出现什么问题。
但在今年6、7月的时候,突然间发现在三星新出的几款平板上(搭载了Kitkat)表现为花屏,屏幕上出现了各种颜色的横条,无法进行编辑。其他搭载了Kitkat的手机当时没有发现过什么问题。
这里说一下这个库,自从作者看到Kitkat使用Chromium后,作者就声明不再更新了,其实差不多一年前就已经不更新了。
这个库使用起来比较麻烦,需要自己再进行封装,甚至连onPageFinished都需要自己来做。
可以看到,上面的替代方案,到今年6、7月,实际上已经无法使用。
而且非组织维护的代码,通常都有些不可靠的意味。
于是不得不继续寻找替代方案。终于在Google I/O上看到了希望 —— Crosswalk
上面的链接可以看到Crosswalk的介绍,Crosswalk种种吹牛逼的描述我就不写了。
写一下我的使用感受:
最新稳定版Crosswalk基于Chromium38编译。
注:此库也可以配合Cordova(PhoneGap)使用。
OK,感受说完,上教程。
在清单文件中写入下列权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
注:使用过程中,观察Logcat可以看到报需要蓝牙权限,可以不用管它,不添加蓝牙权限可以正常使用。
此外,使用XWalkView必须开启硬件加速。
XWalkView needs hardware acceleration to render web pages. As a result, the AndroidManifest.xml of the caller's app must be appended with the attribute "android:hardwareAccelerated" and its value must be set as "true".
android:hardwareAccelerated : The default value is "true" if you've set either minSdkVersion or targetSdkVersion to "14" or higher; otherwise, it's "false".
在清单文件Application中声明即可。
<application android:name="android.app.Application" android:label="XWalkUsers"
android:hardwareAccelerated="true">
Crosswalk中用来替代WebView的控件叫XWalkView。
和其他自定义控件一样。
<org.xwalk.core.XWalkView android:id="@+id/activity_main"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
org.xwalk.core.XWalkView>
和其他Android的控件不同,这个类需要监听系统事件。例如:生命周期、intent、Activity result。
控件内置的Web引擎需要获取并处理这些信息。并且当XWalkView 不再需要使用的时候,在onDestroy方法中XWalkView必须显式的调用destroy方法,否则容易造成Web引擎的内存泄漏。
原文如下:
Unlike other Android views, this class has to listen to system events like application life cycle, intents, and activity result. The web engine inside this view need to get and handle them. And the onDestroy() method of XWalkView MUST be called explicitly when an XWalkView won't be used anymore, otherwise it will cause the memory leak from the native side of the web engine. It's similar to the destroy() method of Android WebView.
这段文字来自XWalkView官方API文档。奇怪的是官方的范例中并没有在意这些事情,直接像WebView一样使用,更没有使用destroy方法。
考虑到之前使用android-chromium库也是需要显式调用。这里还是加上,避免内存泄漏。
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import org.xwalk.core.XWalkView;
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
private XWalkView mXWalkView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mXWalkView = (XWalkView) findViewById(R.id.activity_main);
mXWalkView.load("http://crosswalk-project.org/", null);
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
if (mXWalkView != null) {
mXWalkView.pauseTimers();
mXWalkView.onHide();
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (mXWalkView != null) {
mXWalkView.resumeTimers();
mXWalkView.onShow();
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (mXWalkView != null) {
mXWalkView.onDestroy();
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (mXWalkView != null) {
mXWalkView.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}
}
@Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
if (mXWalkView != null) {
mXWalkView.onNewIntent(intent);
}
}
}
上面的代码中其实已经剧透了,使用load方法即可。
// url
mXWalkView.load("http://crosswalk-project.org/", null);
// this loads a file from the assets/ directory
mXWalkView.load("file:///android_asset/index.html", null);
public void load (String url, String content)
Load a web page/app from a given base URL or a content. If url is null or empty and content is null or empty, then this function will do nothing. If content is not null, load the web page/app from the content. If content is not null and the url is not set, return "about:blank" ifi calling getUrl(). If content is null, try to load the content from the url. It supports URL schemes like 'http:', 'https:' and 'file:'. It can also load files from Android assets, e.g. 'file:///android_asset/'.
Parameters
url the url for web page/app.
content the content for the web page/app. Could be empty.
对应WebView的WebViewClient,XWalkView中有XWalkResourceClient。
mXWalkView.setResourceClient(new XWalkResourceClient(mXWalkView){
@Override
public void onLoadFinished(XWalkView view, String url) {
super.onLoadFinished(view, url);
}
@Override
public void onLoadStarted(XWalkView view, String url) {
super.onLoadStarted(view, url);
}
});
不像WebView一样获取setting设置setJavaScriptEnabled为true才能执行。
Crosswalk可以直接执行js。
mXWalkView.load("javascript:document.body.contentEditable=true;", null);
当然,按照Kitkat引入的方式,使用evaluateJavascript方法也是可以的。(大神们推荐)
定义js回调接口
public class JsInterface {
public JsInterface() {
}
@JavascriptInterface
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
Caution: If you've set your targetSdkVersion to 17 or higher, you must add the @JavascriptInterface annotation to any method that you want available to your JavaScript (the method must also be public). If you do not provide the annotation, the method is not accessible by your web page when running on Android 4.2 or higher.
From developer.android.com
备注:这里的@JavaScriptInterface
所在的包是import org.xwalk.core.JavascriptInterface;
XWalkView设置JavaScript可用且绑定对象
//绑定
mXWalkView.addJavascriptInterface(new JsInterface(), "NativeInterface");
调用html执行JavaScript或直接执行Javascript调用Java
mXWalkView.load("file:///android_asset/index.html", null);
index.html源码:
<a href="#" onclick="clicked()">Say Helloa>
<script>
function clicked() {
alert(NativeInterface.sayHello());
}
script>
Kitkat开始,Android提供了和Chrome联调功能。可以很方便的在Chrome中调试WebView中的代码。
Crosswalk使用Chromium内核当然也具备这个功能。
开启调试的语句如下:
// turn on debugging
XWalkPreferences.setValue(XWalkPreferences.REMOTE_DEBUGGING, true);
对于Crosswalk来说,这个设置是全局的。
默认XWalkView不能使用动画,甚至setVisibility也不行。
XWalkView represents an Android view for web apps/pages. Thus most of attributes for Android view are valid for this class. Since it internally uses android.view.SurfaceView for rendering web pages by default, it can't be resized, rotated, transformed and animated due to the limitations of SurfaceView. Alternatively, if the preference key ANIMATABLE_XWALK_VIEW is set to True, XWalkView can be transformed and animated because TextureView is intentionally used to render web pages for animation support. Besides, XWalkView won't be rendered if it's invisible.
开启动画模式:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// ANIMATABLE_XWALK_VIEW preference key MUST be set before XWalkView creation.
XWalkPreferences.setValue(XWalkPreferences.ANIMATABLE_XWALK_VIEW, true);
setContentView(R.layout.animatable_xwview_layout);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
// Reset the preference for animatable XWalkView.
XWalkPreferences.setValue(XWalkPreferences.ANIMATABLE_XWALK_VIEW, false);
}
由于设置也像调试一样是全局的,在onDestroy时记得关闭。
html代码
<html>
<body>
<p>A script on this page starts this clock:p>
<p id="demo">p>
<script>
var myVar = setInterval(function(){ myTimer(); }, 1000);
function myTimer()
{
var d = new Date();
var t = d.toLocaleTimeString();
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = t;
}
script>
body>
html>
XWalkView对应方法:
mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mXWalkView != null) {
if (!isPaused) {
// Pause JS timer
mXWalkView.pauseTimers();
isPaused = true;
mButton.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.ic_media_play);
} else {
// Resume JS timer
mXWalkView.resumeTimers();
isPaused = false;
mButton.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.ic_media_pause);
}
}
}
});
这也在防止内存泄漏,监听系统事件示例代码中提到过:
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
if (mXWalkView != null) {
mXWalkView.pauseTimers();
mXWalkView.onHide();
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (mXWalkView != null) {
mXWalkView.resumeTimers();
mXWalkView.onShow();
}
}
mPrevButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// Go backward
if (mXWalkView != null &&
mXWalkView.getNavigationHistory().canGoBack()) {
mXWalkView.getNavigationHistory().navigate(
XWalkNavigationHistory.Direction.BACKWARD, 1);
}
XWalkNavigationItem navigationItem = mXWalkView.getNavigationHistory().getCurrentItem();
showNavigationItemInfo(navigationItem);
}
});
mNextButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// Go forward
if (mXWalkView != null &&
mXWalkView.getNavigationHistory().canGoForward()) {
mXWalkView.getNavigationHistory().navigate(
XWalkNavigationHistory.Direction.FORWARD, 1);
}
XWalkNavigationItem navigationItem = mXWalkView.getNavigationHistory().getCurrentItem();
showNavigationItemInfo(navigationItem);
}
});
private void showNavigationItemInfo(XWalkNavigationItem navigationItem){
url = navigationItem.getUrl();// Get the url of current navigation item.
originalUrl = navigationItem.getOriginalUrl();// Get the original url of current navigation item
title = navigationItem.getTitle();
text1.setText(title);
text2.setText(url);
text3.setText(originalUrl);
}
// The web page below will display a video.
// When home button is pressed, the activity will be in background, and the video will be paused.
mXWalkView.load("http://www.w3.org/2010/05/video/mediaevents.html", null);
mXWalkView.loadAppFromManifest("file:///android_asset/manifest.json", null);
manifest.json
{
"name": "ManifestTest",
"start_url": "index.html",
"description": "Manifest test",
"version": "1.0.0"
}
Crosswalk 9.38.208.10 和 10.39.235.15 在MX3 flyme3.5.2 编辑html的时候点击会崩溃。
Crosswalk 8.37.189.12在各已知手机上编辑表现正常,已上传Github --> 代码库地址。
Crosswalk介绍完了,有了Chrome,配上JavaScript,你的编辑器就可以实现了,这里不再啰嗦了。