Python绘图入门(matplotlib)
matplotlib是一个用于创建出版质量图表的桌面绘图包（主要用于2D），其目的是为Python构建一个MATLAB式的绘图接口。
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inliney = np.random.randint(0,10,20)
x = range(20)fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (9,9))
ax.plot(x,y,
c = 'red',
ls = 'dashed',
marker = 'o',
mfc = 'g',
mec = 'b',
label = 'f_line'
)
ax.set_title('abcd',loc='left',fontdict={'fontsize':25})#可以设置标题，位置，字体设置等
ax.set_xlabel('x_label',rotation=45)#y轴同理，也可以设置字体，旋转角度等，上述title同理
ax.set_xlim(0,30) #设置坐标轴范围
ax.set_xticks(range(30))
ax.set_xticklabels(['2018-04-20']*30,rotation=60)#设置坐标轴标注
ax.plot(x,0.5*np.array(x),label = 's_line')#多加一条线
ax.legend(prop=dict(size=10)) #绘制图例，之前的线条必须先设置label，否则无法绘制图例，同理可设置图例大小
#节点标注
ax.annotate('this is a annotate',xy=[5,y[5]] ,rotation=-15)
ax.annotate('this is a annotate',xy=[10,y[10]],xytext = [10,8],arrowprops = dict(facecolor='g'))
#共用X轴
ax2 = ax.twinx()
y2 = np.random.randint(0,100,20)
ax2.plot(x,y2,'k')
#参数别名，使用全称与别名有同样效果（并不是所有参数）
_alias_map = {'color': ['c'],#线条颜色
'linewidth': ['lw'],#线条宽度
'linestyle': ['ls'],#线条类型
'facecolor': ['fc'],#填充色，默认为线条颜色
'edgecolor': ['ec'],#轮廓颜色
'markerfacecolor': ['mfc'],#节点填充色
'markeredgecolor': ['mec'],#节点轮廓色
'markeredgewidth': ['mew'],#节点边缘线宽
'markersize': ['ms'],#节点大小
}the line style or marker:（线条或者节点类型列表）
================ ===============================
character description
================ ===============================
``'-'`` solid line style
``'--'`` dashed line style
``'-.'`` dash-dot line style
``':'`` dotted line style
``'.'`` point marker
``','`` pixel marker
``'o'`` circle marker
``'v'`` triangle_down marker
``'^'`` triangle_up marker
``'<'`` triangle_left marker
``'>'`` triangle_right marker
``'1'`` tri_down marker
``'2'`` tri_up marker
``'3'`` tri_left marker
``'4'`` tri_right marker
``'s'`` square marker
``'p'`` pentagon marker
``'*'`` star marker
``'h'`` hexagon1 marker
``'H'`` hexagon2 marker
``'+'`` plus marker
``'x'`` x marker
``'D'`` diamond marker
``'d'`` thin_diamond marker
``'|'`` vline marker
``'_'`` hline marker
================ ===============================The following color abbreviations are supported:颜色列表
========== ========
character color
========== ========
'b' blue
'g' green
'r' red
'c' cyan
'm' magenta
'y' yellow
'k' black
'w' white
========== ========