lamp搭建
lamp
- 1. lamp简介
- 2. web服务器工作流程
- 2.1 cgi与fastcgi
- 2.2 httpd与php结合的方式
- 3. lamp平台构建
- 3.1 安装httpd
- 3.2 安装mysql
- 3.3 安装php
- 3.4 配置apache
- 3.4.1 启用代理模块
- 3.4.2 配置虚拟主机
- 3.5 验证
1. lamp简介
有了前面学习的知识的铺垫，今天可以来学习下第一个常用的web架构了。
所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。
2. web服务器工作流程
在说lamp架构平台的搭建前，我们先来了解下什么是CGI，什么是FastCGI，什么是…
web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源
- 静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
- 动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端
那么web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端呢？下面通过一张图来说明一下web服务器如何处理客户端的请求
如上图所示
阶段①显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务进程运行
阶段②显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由Php语言写成的程序可以与mysql进行数据交互。同理perl和python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互
2.1 cgi与fastcgi
上图阶段①中提到了FastCGI，下面我们来了解下CGI与FastCGI。
- CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。
- FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时
2.2 httpd与php结合的方式
httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：
- modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
- httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
- httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）
- CGI：httpd需要加载动态资源时，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
- FastCGI：利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket与php通信
较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源
##2.3 web工作流程
通过上面的图说明一下web的工作流程：
- 客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
- web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源或是动态资源
- 若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端。
- 否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd，httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端。
3. lamp平台构建
环境说明：
| 系统平台 | IP | 需要安装的服务 |
|---|---|---|
| centos7 redhat7 |
192.168.110.21 | httpd-2.4 mysql-5.7 php php-mysql |
lamp平台软件安装次序：
- 先安装httpd
- 再安装mysql
- 最后安装php
注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM
3.1 安装httpd
//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@lw ~]# groupadd -r apache
[root@lw ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
//安装依赖包
[root@lw ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
centosplus | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 6.2 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
file:///mnt/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/repodata/repomd.xml"
正在尝试其它镜像。
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 959 kB 00:00:41
(2/2): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.6 MB 00:01:35
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 expat-devel.x86_64.0.2.1.0-10.el7_3 将被 安装
...
...
已安装:
expat-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.0-10.el7_3 libtool.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3
openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7
作为依赖被安装:
autoconf.noarch 0:2.69-11.el7 automake.noarch 0:1.13.4-3.el7
keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-37.el7_6
libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-13.el7 libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-37.el7_6
libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7
libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 m4.x86_64 0:1.4.16-10.el7
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-Test-Harness.noarch 0:3.28-3.el7
perl-Thread-Queue.noarch 0:3.02-2.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7
作为依赖被升级:
e2fsprogs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-13.el7 e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-13.el7
krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-37.el7_6 libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-13.el7
libselinux.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7 libselinux-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7
libselinux-utils.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7 libsepol.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7
libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-13.el7 openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7
openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-16.el7 zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7
完毕！
下载和安装apr以及apr-util
[root@lw ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@lw src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
--2018-08-04 18:42:17-- http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
Resolving mirrors.shu.edu.cn (mirrors.shu.edu.cn)... 202.121.199.235
Connecting to mirrors.shu.edu.cn (mirrors.shu.edu.cn)|202.121.199.235|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: http://172.16.24.182/mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 [following]
--2018-08-04 18:42:17-- http://172.16.24.182/mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
Connecting to 172.16.24.182:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 854100 (834K) [application/x-bzip2]
Saving to: ‘apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2’
100%[======================================================>] 854,100 1.67MB/s in 0.5s
2018-08-04 18:42:18 (1.67 MB/s) - ‘apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2’ saved [854100/854100]
[root@lw src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
--2018-08-04 18:43:13-- http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
Resolving mirrors.shu.edu.cn (mirrors.shu.edu.cn)... 202.121.199.235
Connecting to mirrors.shu.edu.cn (mirrors.shu.edu.cn)|202.121.199.235|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: http://172.16.24.175/mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 [following]
--2018-08-04 18:43:13-- http://172.16.24.175/mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
Connecting to 172.16.24.175:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 428595 (419K) [application/x-bzip2]
Saving to: ‘apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2’
100%[======================================================>] 428,595 1.14MB/s in 0.4s
2018-08-04 18:43:14 (1.14 MB/s) - ‘apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2’ saved [428595/428595]
[root@lw src]# ls
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug kernels
[root@lw src]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[root@lw src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@lw src]# ls
apr-1.6.3 apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug kernels
[root@lw src]# cd apr-1.6.3
[root@lw apr-1.6.3]# ls
apr-config.in build-outputs.mk helpers misc strings
apr.dep CHANGES include mmap support
apr.dsp CMakeLists.txt libapr.dep network_io tables
apr.dsw config.layout libapr.dsp NOTICE test
apr.mak configure libapr.mak NWGNUmakefile threadproc
apr.pc.in configure.in libapr.rc passwd time
apr.spec docs LICENSE poll tools
atomic dso locks random user
build emacs-mode Makefile.in README
buildconf encoding Makefile.win README.cmake
build.conf file_io memory shmem
[root@lw apr-1.6.3]# vim configure
cfgfile="${ofile}T"
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行
[root@lw apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.6.3
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
...
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
config.status: executing default commands
[root@lw apr-1.6.3]# make && make install
make[1]: 进入目录“/usr/src/apr-1.6.3”
/usr/src/apr-1.6.3/build/mkdir.sh tools
/bin/sh /usr/src/apr-1.6.3/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I./include -I/usr/src/apr-1.6.3/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/usr/src/apr-1.6.3/include/arch/unix -I/us
...
...
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /usr/src/apr-1.6.3/build/apr_common.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /usr/src/apr-1.6.3/build/find_apr.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@lw apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@lw apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
...
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating export_vars.sh
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-util.pc
config.status: creating apu-1-config
config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h
config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h
config.status: creating include/apu.h
config.status: creating include/apu_want.h
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
[root@lw apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
make[1]: 进入目录“/usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1”
/bin/sh /usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/apr/include/apr-1 -o buckets/apr_brigade.lo -c buckets/apr_brigade.c && touch buckets/apr_brigade.lo
...
...
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/apr-util/lib
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config
//编译安装httpd
[root@lw ~]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
--2018-08-04 18:30:46-- http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
Resolving mirror.bit.edu.cn (mirror.bit.edu.cn)... 114.247.56.117, 2001:da8:204:2001:250:56ff:fea1:22
Connecting to mirror.bit.edu.cn (mirror.bit.edu.cn)|114.247.56.117|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 6942969 (6.6M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2’
100%[======================================================>] 6,942,969 591KB/s in 19s
2018-08-04 18:31:05 (353 KB/s) - ‘httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2’ saved [6942969/6942969]
[root@lw ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@lw ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@lw ~]# cd httpd-2.4.34
[root@lw httpd-2.4.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that h
...
...
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.34
Install prefix: /usr/local/apache
C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root@lw httpd-2.4.34]# make && make install
Making all in srclib
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/httpd-2.4.34/srclib”
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/httpd-2.4.34/srclib”
Making all in os
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/httpd-2.4.34/os”
Making all in unix
make[2]: 进入目录“/root/httpd-2.4.34/os/unix”
...
...
Installing CGIs
mkdir /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin
Installing header files
mkdir /usr/local/apache/include
Installing build system files
mkdir /usr/local/apache/build
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/apache/manual
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/httpd-2.4.34”
//安装后配置
[root@lw ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@lwt ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@lw ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@lw ~]# echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man' >> /etc/man.config
//取消ServerName前面的注释
[root@lw ~]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//启动apache
[root@lw ~]# apachectl start
[root@lw ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
3.2 安装mysql
//安装依赖包
[root@lw ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
file:///mnt/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/repodata/repomd.xml"
正在尝试其它镜像。
软件包 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
软件包 1:openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
...
...
已安装:
cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-2.el7
mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
作为依赖被安装:
libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7_2
作为依赖被升级:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
ncurses.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
ncurses-base.noarch 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
ncurses-libs.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
完毕！
//创建用户和组
[root@lw ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@lw ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@lw ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@lw src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2018-08-13 23:56:27-- https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.14
Connecting to downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)|137.254.60.14|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
......
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’
100%[=====================================>] 643,790,848 2.46MB/s in 4m 20s
2018-08-14 00:00:50 (2.36 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’saved [643790848/643790848]
//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@lw src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@lw src]# ls /usr/local/
apache bin include libexec share
apr etc lib mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 src
apr-util games lib64 sbin
[root@lw src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@lw local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[root@lw local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 152 2月 20 15:30 apache
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 58 2月 20 15:11 apr
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 43 2月 20 15:18 apr-util
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 2月 20 16:00 mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 2月 20 15:57 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 1月 17 22:31 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 src
//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@lw local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@lw local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 2月 20 16:00 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
//添加环境变量
[root@lw local]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[root@lw local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@lw local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@lw local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//建立数据存放目录
[root@lw local]# mkdir /opt/test
[root@lw local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/test/
[root@lw local]# ll /opt/
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 2月 18 16:07 123
-rw-------. 1 root root 1734 2月 19 09:30 abc
-rw-------. 1 root root 1734 12月 5 23:16 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 2月 19 17:23 lw
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 2月 20 16:04 test
//初始化数据库
[root@lw local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/test/
2019-02-20T08:07:04.429940Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-02-20T08:07:09.246470Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-02-20T08:07:10.824315Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-02-20T08:07:13.553148Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 87b6b4ac-34e6-11e9-b93c-000c29e97649.
2019-02-20T08:07:13.576295Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-02-20T08:07:14.185473Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 6x9&nhqalJ#e
//请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是jtBzkkb=r5ik
//再次注意，这个密码是随机的，你的不会跟我一样，一定要记住这个密码，因为一会登录时会用到
//配置mysql
[root@lw local]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
"/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/"
[root@lw local]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@lw local]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@lw local]# ldconfig -v
ldconfig: 无法对 /libx32 进行 stat 操作: 没有那个文件或目录
ldconfig: 多次给出路径“/usr/lib”
ldconfig: 多次给出路径“/usr/lib64”
ldconfig: 无法对 /usr/libx32 进行 stat 操作: 没有那个文件或目录
/usr/lib64/mysql:
libmysqlclient.so.18 -> libmysqlclient_r.so
/usr/local/mysql/lib:
libmysqlclient.so.20 -> libmysqlclient.so.20.3.10
/lib:
/lib64:
...
...
libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.17.so
/lib/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)
/lib64/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)
/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)
[root@lw local]# ldconfig -p |grep mysql
libmysqlclient.so.20 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20
libmysqlclient.so.18 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18
libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so
libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so
//生成配置文件
[root@lw local]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@lw local]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/test
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/test/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@lw local]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@lw local]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/test/
//启动mysql
[root@lw local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL..Logging to '/opt/test/lw.err'.
... SUCCESS!
[root@lw local]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 33944 1 1 16:22 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqd_safe --datadir=/opt/test --pid-file=/opt/test/mysql.pid
mysql 34124 33944 17 16:22 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/test --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=lw.err --pid-file=/opt/test/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 34160 33730 0 16:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@lw local]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
//修改密码
//使用临时密码登录
[root@lw local]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.23
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password('lw1234');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
3.3 安装php
//安装依赖包
[root@lw local]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel libpcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php72w-mysqlnd
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
file:///mnt/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/repodata/repomd.xml"
正在尝试其它镜像。
软件包 libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
软件包 1:openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
...
...
作为依赖被升级:
curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7 cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 0:2.1.26-23.el7
libicu.x86_64 0:50.1.2-17.el7 nspr.x86_64 0:4.19.0-1.el7_5
nss.x86_64 0:3.36.0-7.1.el7_6 nss-pem.x86_64 0:1.0.3-5.el7
nss-softokn.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5 nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5
nss-sysinit.x86_64 0:3.36.0-7.1.el7_6 nss-tools.x86_64 0:3.36.0-7.1.el7_6
nss-util.x86_64 0:3.36.0-1.1.el7_6 openldap.x86_64 0:2.4.44-21.el7_6
完毕！
//下载php
[root@lw ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@lw src]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@lw ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@lw src]# tar -xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --disable-debug \
> --disable-rpath \
> --enable-shared \
> --enable-soap \
> --with-openssl \
> --enable-bcmath \
> --with-iconv \
> --with-bz2 \
> --enable-calendar \
> --with-curl \
> --enable-exif \
> --enable-ftp \
> --with-gd \
> --with-jpeg-dir \
> --with-png-dir \
> --with-zlib-dir \
> --with-freetype-dir \
> --with-gettext \
> --enable-json \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-pdo \
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
> --with-readline \
> --enable-shmop \
> --enable-simplexml \
> --enable-sockets \
> --enable-zip \
> --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
> --with-pear \
> --enable-pcntl \
> --enable-posix
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
/bin/sh /usr/src/php-7.2.8/libtool --silent --preserve-dup-deps --mode=compile cc -DZEND_ENABLE_STATIC_TSRMLS_CACHE=1 -Iext/opcache/ -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/ext/opcache/ -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/include -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/main -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8 -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/ext/date/lib -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng15 -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/ext/mbstring/oniguruma -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/ext/mbstring/libmbfl -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/ext/mbstring/libmbfl/mbfl -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/ext/sqlite3/libsqlite -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/ext/zip/lib -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/TSRM -I/usr/src/php-7.2.8/Zend
过程略
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# make install
//安装后配置
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# php -v
PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Feb 20 2019 17:29:13) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
//配置php-fpm
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
//编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）：
//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# tail -4 /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数
//启动php-fpm
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
//默认情况下，fpm监听在127.0.0.1的9000端口，也可以使用如下命令验证其是否已经监听在相应的套接字
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# ps -ef |grep php
root 54233 1 0 17:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 54234 54233 0 17:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 54235 54233 0 17:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 54236 54233 0 17:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 54237 54233 0 17:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 54238 54233 0 17:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 54241 33730 0 17:48 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php
3.4 配置apache
3.4.1 启用代理模块
在apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现，此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩展，因此，这两个模块都要加载，编辑httpd.conf文件，取消以下两行内容的注释:
- LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
- LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
//启用httpd的相关模块
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf=
3.4.2 配置虚拟主机
在需要使用fcgi的虚拟主机中添加类似如下两行：
ProxyRequests Off //关闭正向代理
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/PATH/TO/DOCUMENT_ROOT/$1
例如：
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/liuwei.com/$1
以上设置表示把以.php结尾的文件请求发送到php-fpm进程，php-fpm至少需要知道运行的目录和URI，所以这里直接在fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000后指明了这两个参数，其它参数的传递已经被mod_proxy_fcgi.so进行了封装，不需要手动指定。
注意：
这里写的/var/www/html/是yum源安装方式生成的网页存放目录，这里必须改成你编译安装指定的网页存放路径，禁止直接复制我这里的路径
这里的idfsoft.com是域名，你必须改成你所使用的域名，禁止直接复制此处的域名
这里的$1表示匹配所有以.php结尾的http请求
//创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/liuwei.com
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/liuwei.com/index.php
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 3 apache apache 42 2月 20 18:01 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# cat /usr/local/apache/htdocs/liuwei.com/index.php
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# tail -15 /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# tail -15 /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/liuwei.com"
ServerName www.liuwei.com
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/liuwei.com/$1
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//搜索AddType，添加以下内容
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# sed -i '/ DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//重启apache服务
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# apachectl stop
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# apachectl start
[root@lw php-7.2.8]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 32 :::21 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
3.5 验证
1.修改/etc/hosts文件，添加域名与IP的映射
2.在浏览器上使用域名访问，若看到以下界面则表示lamp架构搭建成功，否则请检查你的操作
