Hadoop安装之二:使用Docker搭建Hadoop集群

(搭建集群部分借鉴了kiwenlau/hadoop-cluster-docker中的内容,不过那里的基础环境是Ubuntu,本人这里是用的CentOS7,因此也糟了不少坑!)

目录索引

一、编辑Hadoop运行环境中的配置文件
二、使用Dockerfile制作Hadoop的镜像
三、激情的排坑之旅
四、最终的文件内容
​ — config/core-site.xml
​ — config/hadoop-env.sh
​ — config/hdfs-site.xml
​ — config/mapred-site.xml
​ — config/run-wordcount.sh
​ — config/slaves
​ — config/ssh_config
​ — config/start-hadoop.sh
​ — config/yarn-site.xml
​ — Dockerfile
​ — start-container.sh
​ — stop-container.sh
​ — remove-container.sh
​ — resize-cluster.sh
附:命令行纯净版

一、编辑Hadoop运行环境中的配置文件

  1. 创建文件夹和文件

    先创建个文件夹来放相关的文件,并创建配置文件的文件夹,新建几个文件。

    $ mkdir -p hadoop-docker/config
    $ cd hadoop-docker
    $ touch Dockerfile start-container.sh config/ssh_config config/start-hadoop.sh config/run-wordcount.sh
    
  2. 复制Hadoop的64位编译文件

    将编译好的64位版本的Hadoop包复制到当前目录中。(编译64位Hadoop,看这里)

  3. 复制Hadoop中的配置文件

    解压编译好的64位版本的Hadoop包,从里面复制点配置项出来修改(不然命令行下全手写还不累死啦!)。

    $ export version=2.7.3
    $ tar -xzvf hadoop-$version.tar.gz
    $ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml config/core-site.xml
    $ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh config/hadoop-env.sh
    $ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml config/hdfs-site.xml
    $ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template config/mapred-site.xml
    $ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml config/yarn-site.xml
    
  4. 编辑配置文件:ssh_config

    Hadoop节点之间通讯使用的是ssh,这里设置ssh_config的配置文件,增加无密码登录设置。使用vi编辑config文件夹下的ssh_config,加入以下的内容:

    Host localhost
      StrictHostKeyChecking no
    
    Host 0.0.0.0
      StrictHostKeyChecking no
      
    Host hadoop-*
       StrictHostKeyChecking no
       UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
    
  5. 编辑配置文件:core-site.xml

    使用vi编辑config文件夹下的core-site.xml,在configuration中间加入以下内容:

    
    
     fs.defaultFS
        hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/
    
    
  6. 编辑配置文件:hdfs-site.xml

    使用vi编辑config文件夹下的hdfs-site.xml,在configuration中间加入以下内容:

    
    
     dfs.namenode.name.dir
        file:///root/hdfs/namenode
        NameNode directory for namespace and transaction logs storage.
    
    
     dfs.datanode.data.dir
        file:///root/hdfs/datanode
        DataNode directory
    
    
    
     dfs.replication
        2
    
    
  7. 编辑配置文件:mapred-site.xml

    使用vi编辑config文件夹下的mapred-site.xml,在configuration中间加入以下内容:

    
    
     mapreduce.framework.name
        yarn
    
    
  8. 编辑配置文件:yarn-site.xml

    使用vi编辑config文件夹下的yarn-site.xml,在configuration中间加入以下内容:

    
    
     yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
        mapreduce_shuffle
    
    
     yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce_shuffle.class
        org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler
    
    
    
     yarn.resourcemanager.hostname
        hadoop-master
    
    
  9. 编辑环境配置脚本:hadoop-env.sh

    使用vi编辑config文件夹下的hadoop-env.sh,找到JAVA_HOME设置,修改为如下(其他内容不变):

    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk
    

    (呵呵,其实这里有问题,后面排坑的时候再说!)

  10. 编辑从节点记录:slaves

hadoop-slave1
hadoop-slave2

这个后面有个脚本可以根据从节点数量自动生成。

  1. 编辑启动Hadoop的脚本:start-hadoop.sh

使用vi编辑config文件夹下的start-hadoop.sh,用于在Master上执行启动hadoop的命令:

#!/bin/bash

echo -e "\n"

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh

echo -e "\n"

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh

echo -e "\n"
  1. 编辑运行入门程序WordCount的脚本:run-wordcount.sh

    使用vi编辑config文件夹下的run-wordcount.sh,用来运行Hadoop的入门程序WordCount:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    # test the hadoop cluster by running wordcount
    
    # create input files 
    mkdir input
    echo "Hello Docker" >input/file2.txt
    echo "Hello Hadoop" >input/file1.txt
    
    # create input directory on HDFS
    hadoop fs -mkdir -p input
    
    # put input files to HDFS
    hdfs dfs -put ./input/* input
    
    # run wordcount 
    hadoop jar $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.3-sources.jar org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount input output
    
    # print the input files
    echo -e "\ninput file1.txt:"
    hdfs dfs -cat input/file1.txt
    
    echo -e "\ninput file2.txt:"
    hdfs dfs -cat input/file2.txt
    
    # print the output of wordcount
    echo -e "\nwordcount output:"
    hdfs dfs -cat output/part-r-00000
    

二、使用Dockerfile制作Hadoop的镜像

Hadoop镜像中到相关配置文件和脚本都写好了,开始编辑Dockerfile并制作Hadoop的镜像。

使用vi打开Dockerfile,开始编辑其中的内容。

  1. 添加基础镜像和基本信息

    这里用的基础镜像是centos7环境并开通了systemd启动管理程序,具体生成可参见之前的文章(使用Docker编译64位的Hadoop)。

    # 镜像来源
    FROM centos7-systemd
    
    # 镜像创建者(写入自己的信息)
    MAINTAINER "you" 
    
    # 指定目录
    WORKDIR /root
    
  2. 安装运行环境需要的软件

    安装Java jdk和openssh。

    RUN yum update -y && \
        yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk \
                   openssh-server
    

    (其实这里还不够,还是后面排坑的时候再说。)

  3. 复制Hadoop并安装

    这里设置了个环境变量方便在更换版本的时候修改。

    # 复制Hadoop
    ENV HADOOP_VERSION=2.7.3
    COPY hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz /root/hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz
    # 安装
    RUN tar -xzvf hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz && \
        mv hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION /usr/local/hadoop && \
        rm hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz
    
  4. 设置环境变量

    设置JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_HOME。

    ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk
    ENV HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
    ENV PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
    

    (这里也漏了一个,另外JAVA_HOME也有问题,后面排坑的时候……)

  5. 设置SSH免密码登录

    RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' && \
        cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
    
  6. 复制配置文件到Hadoop下

    COPY config/* /tmp/
    RUN mv /tmp/ssh_config ~/.ssh/config && \
        mv /tmp/hadoop-env.sh /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh && \
        mv /tmp/hdfs-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml && \ 
        mv /tmp/core-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml && \
        mv /tmp/mapred-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml && \
        mv /tmp/yarn-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml && \
        mv /tmp/slaves $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves && \
        mv /tmp/start-hadoop.sh ~/start-hadoop.sh && \
        mv /tmp/run-wordcount.sh ~/run-wordcount.sh
    RUN chmod +x ~/start-hadoop.sh && \
        chmod +x ~/run-wordcount.sh && \
        chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh && \
        chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh
    

    (这里也有个权限的问题,后面排坑……)

  7. 设置节点

    创建目录,并格式化HDFS。

    RUN mkdir -p ~/hdfs/namenode && \ 
        mkdir -p ~/hdfs/datanode && \
        mkdir $HADOOP_HOME/logs
    RUN $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hdfs namenode -format
    
  8. 设置容器打开后运行ssh

    CentOS7基础镜像中开通了systemd作为启动守护,所以这里使用systemctl开启ssh服务。

    CMD [ "sh", "-c", "systemctl start sshd; bash"]
    

这样Dockerfile就编写完成,再增加一个脚本用来启动指定节点数量的Hadoop集群,内容如下:

#!/bin/bash

# 默认节点数3个(即一个master,两个slave)
N=${1:-3}


# 开启Hadoop-Master容器
sudo docker rm -f hadoop-master &> /dev/null
echo "start hadoop-master container..."
sudo docker run -itd \
                --net=hadoop \
                -p 50070:50070 \
                -p 8088:8088 \
                --name hadoop-master \
                --hostname hadoop-master \
                hadoop-docker &> /dev/null

# 开启Hadoop-Slave容器
i=1
while [ $i -lt $N ]
do
    sudo docker rm -f hadoop-slave$i &> /dev/null
    echo "start hadoop-slave$i container..."
    sudo docker run -itd \
                    --net=hadoop \
                    --name hadoop-slave$i \
                    --hostname hadoop-slave$i \
                    hadoop-docker &> /dev/null
    i=$(( $i + 1 ))
done 

# 进入Hadoop-Master容器的命令行
sudo docker exec -it hadoop-master bash

(这里其实也有问题,后面……)

好了,一切准备就绪了开始运行!…………这是咋的了呢?……

三、激情的排坑之旅

果然没有一切顺利的,从弄镜像开始就出问题了,一一排查解决吧!想直接看最后的正确内容可以直接看【四、最终的文件内容】或者【附:命令行纯净版】。

  1. 构建镜像:hdfs,命令没找到

    $ docker build -t hadoop-docker .
    

    报错:hdfs命令没找到,仔细再看报错其实是:

    libexec/hdfs-config.sh:No such file or directory

    查找了一下,原来是缺少一个环境变量,在Dockerfile环境变量设置那里增加一行:

    ENV HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/libexec
    
  2. 启动Hadoop:JAVA_HOME,没找到这个目录

    再次构建,构建成功了。使用脚本启动全部集群容器(默认的3个Node):

    $ ./start-container.sh
    

    进入Hadoop-Master的命令行后,使用脚本启动Hadoop:

    $ ./start-hadoop.sh
    

    报错:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk:No such file or directory

    这个目录其实是根据网上yum安装的路径自己猜的,应该有问题,即然在容器里直接去看看好了:

    $ ls /usr/lib/jvm
    java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.131-2.6.9.0.e17_3.x86_64 jre jre-1.7.0 jre-1.7.0-openjdk jre-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.131-2.6.9.0.e17_3.x86_64 jre-openjdk
    

    晕……原来是有版本的小编号的,这以后是不是每次安装版本不同了就不一样了啊,如果写这个进去岂不是每次都要生成好看看小编号再重新构建?!想了想反正这里只是用运行环境,直接改成jre试试,一次尝试修改JAVA_HOME为jre-1.7.0-openjdk,包括Dockerfile以及config/hadoop-env.sh两个文件。

  3. 启动Hadoop:ssh,连接失败

    重新构建,再次启动Hadoop,还是报错:ssh无法连接。试了一下ssh的服务根本没启动,直接运行:

    $ systemctl start sshd
    

    报错:Failed to get D-Bus connection

    网上反映这个错误的不少,据说是CentOS7在Docker下著名的Bug,最后找到解决方案,在我们启动容器的脚本start-container.sh中修改启动主节点和从节点的docker run命令,增加内容:

    sudo docker run -itd \
                # 这行新加
                     --privileged -e "container=docker" -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
                    --net=hadoop \
                    -p 50070:50070 \
                    -p 8088:8088 \
                    --name hadoop-master \
                    --hostname hadoop-master \
                    hadoop-docker &> /dev/null \
                    # 这行新加
                /usr/sbin/init
    

    这样保证在容器开启时运行/usr/sbin/init,以此开启D-Bus服务。

  4. 启动Hadoop:ssh,不好的权限设置

    再次启动容器,启动Hadoop,还是报错:

    Bad owner or permissions on ~/.ssh/config
    

    再次找到解决方案,在Dockerfile镜像生成时修改这个config的权限为600,即在Dockerfile中增加一行:

    RUN chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config
    
  5. 启动Hadoop:ssh,无法连接

    再次构建,再次启动容器,再次启动Hadoop,还来ssh无法连接!

    原来我只安装了server没装client吗,怎么连接!修改Dockerfile的软件安装为:

    RUN yum update -y && \
        yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk \
                openssh-server \
            openssh-clients 
    
  6. 启动Hadoop:hdfs,命令没找到

    还没完啊!这次又是万恶的hdfs命令没找到,开始一直纠结在提示里的hdfs-config.sh这个文件没有的问题,排查了很久,后来再仔细看了看发现了一个错误:

    which:command not found

    这……个which是个命令?查一下原来就是这个which没有安装的原因!!再次修改Dockerfile中的软件安装为:

    RUN yum update -y && \
        yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk \
                openssh-server \
            openssh-clients \
            which
    

再次构建……再次开启容器……再次开启Hadoop,正常了……

运行WordCount:

$ ./run-wordcount.sh

也正确了!

四、最终的文件内容

这里列出全部文件的内容,觉得麻烦也可以直接访问项目hadoop-centos-docker。

config/core-site.xml


    
    
        fs.defaultFS
        hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/
    

config/hadoop-env.sh
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here.

# The only required environment variable is JAVA_HOME.  All others are
# optional.  When running a distributed configuration it is best to
# set JAVA_HOME in this file, so that it is correctly defined on
# remote nodes.

# The java implementation to use.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk

# The jsvc implementation to use. Jsvc is required to run secure datanodes
# that bind to privileged ports to provide authentication of data transfer
# protocol.  Jsvc is not required if SASL is configured for authentication of
# data transfer protocol using non-privileged ports.
#export JSVC_HOME=${JSVC_HOME}

export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_CONF_DIR:-"/etc/hadoop"}

# Extra Java CLASSPATH elements.  Automatically insert capacity-scheduler.
for f in $HADOOP_HOME/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar; do
  if [ "$HADOOP_CLASSPATH" ]; then
    export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$HADOOP_CLASSPATH:$f
  else
    export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$f
  fi
done

# The maximum amount of heap to use, in MB. Default is 1000.
#export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=
#export HADOOP_NAMENODE_INIT_HEAPSIZE=""

# Extra Java runtime options.  Empty by default.
export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"

# Command specific options appended to HADOOP_OPTS when specified
export HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=${HADOOP_SECURITY_LOGGER:-INFO,RFAS} -Dhdfs.audit.logger=${HDFS_AUDIT_LOGGER:-INFO,NullAppender} $HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS"
export HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=ERROR,RFAS $HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS"

export HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=${HADOOP_SECURITY_LOGGER:-INFO,RFAS} -Dhdfs.audit.logger=${HDFS_AUDIT_LOGGER:-INFO,NullAppender} $HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS"

export HADOOP_NFS3_OPTS="$HADOOP_NFS3_OPTS"
export HADOOP_PORTMAP_OPTS="-Xmx512m $HADOOP_PORTMAP_OPTS"

# The following applies to multiple commands (fs, dfs, fsck, distcp etc)
export HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS="-Xmx512m $HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS"
#HADOOP_JAVA_PLATFORM_OPTS="-XX:-UsePerfData $HADOOP_JAVA_PLATFORM_OPTS"

# On secure datanodes, user to run the datanode as after dropping privileges.
# This **MUST** be uncommented to enable secure HDFS if using privileged ports
# to provide authentication of data transfer protocol.  This **MUST NOT** be
# defined if SASL is configured for authentication of data transfer protocol
# using non-privileged ports.
export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=${HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER}

# Where log files are stored.  $HADOOP_HOME/logs by default.
#export HADOOP_LOG_DIR=${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}/$USER

# Where log files are stored in the secure data environment.
export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_LOG_DIR=${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}/${HADOOP_HDFS_USER}

###
# HDFS Mover specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the HDFS Mover.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HADOOP_MOVER_OPTS=""

###
# Advanced Users Only!
###

# The directory where pid files are stored. /tmp by default.
# NOTE: this should be set to a directory that can only be written to by 
#       the user that will run the hadoop daemons.  Otherwise there is the
#       potential for a symlink attack.
export HADOOP_PID_DIR=${HADOOP_PID_DIR}
export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID_DIR=${HADOOP_PID_DIR}

# A string representing this instance of hadoop. $USER by default.
export HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$USER
config/hdfs-site.xml


    
    
        dfs.namenode.name.dir
        file:///root/hdfs/namenode
        NameNode directory for namespace and transaction logs storage.
    
    
    
        dfs.datanode.data.dir
        file:///root/hdfs/datanode
        DataNode directory
    
    
    
        dfs.replication
        2
    

config/mapred-site.xml


    
    
        mapreduce.framework.name
        yarn
    

config/run-wordcount.sh
#!/bin/bash

# test the hadoop cluster by running wordcount

# create input files 
mkdir input
echo "Hello Docker" >input/file2.txt
echo "Hello Hadoop" >input/file1.txt

# create input directory on HDFS
hadoop fs -mkdir -p input

# put input files to HDFS
hdfs dfs -put ./input/* input

# run wordcount 
hadoop jar $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.3-sources.jar org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount input output

# print the input files
echo -e "\ninput file1.txt:"
hdfs dfs -cat input/file1.txt

echo -e "\ninput file2.txt:"
hdfs dfs -cat input/file2.txt

# print the output of wordcount
echo -e "\nwordcount output:"
hdfs dfs -cat output/part-r-00000
config/slaves
hadoop-slave1
hadoop-slave2
config/ssh_config
Host localhost
  StrictHostKeyChecking no

Host 0.0.0.0
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  
Host hadoop-*
   StrictHostKeyChecking no
   UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
config/start-hadoop.sh
#!/bin/bash

echo -e "\n"

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh

echo -e "\n"

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh

echo -e "\n"
config/yarn-site.xml


    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
        mapreduce_shuffle
    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce_shuffle.class
        org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler
    
    
    
        yarn.resourcemanager.hostname
        hadoop-master
    

Dockerfile
# 镜像来源
FROM centos7-systemd

# 镜像创建者(写入自己的信息)
MAINTAINER "you" 

# 指定目录
WORKDIR /root

# 安装软件
RUN yum update -y && \
    yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk \
           openssh-server \
           openssh-clients \
           which

# 复制Hadoop
ENV HADOOP_VERSION=2.7.3
COPY hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz /root/hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz
# 安装
RUN tar -xzvf hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz && \
    mv hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION /usr/local/hadoop && \
    rm hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz

# 设置环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk
ENV HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
ENV PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
ENV HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/libexec 

# ssh无密码登录
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' && \
    cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

# 复制配置文件及配置权限
COPY config/* /tmp/
RUN mv /tmp/ssh_config ~/.ssh/config && \
    mv /tmp/hadoop-env.sh /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh && \
    mv /tmp/hdfs-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml && \ 
    mv /tmp/core-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/mapred-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/yarn-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/slaves $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves && \
    mv /tmp/start-hadoop.sh ~/start-hadoop.sh && \
    mv /tmp/run-wordcount.sh ~/run-wordcount.sh
RUN chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config && \
    chmod +x ~/start-hadoop.sh && \
    chmod +x ~/run-wordcount.sh && \
    chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh && \
    chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh 

# 格式化namenode
RUN mkdir -p ~/hdfs/namenode && \ 
    mkdir -p ~/hdfs/datanode && \
    mkdir $HADOOP_HOME/logs
RUN $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hdfs namenode -format

# 启动容器后开启ssh服务
CMD [ "sh", "-c", "systemctl start sshd; bash"]
start-container.sh
#!/bin/bash

# 默认节点数3个(即一个master,两个slave)
N=${1:-3}


# 开启Hadoop-Master容器
sudo docker rm -f hadoop-master &> /dev/null
echo "start hadoop-master container..."
sudo docker run -itd \
                --privileged -e "container=docker" -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
                --net=hadoop \
                -p 50070:50070 \
                -p 8088:8088 \
                --name hadoop-master \
                --hostname hadoop-master \
                hadoop-docker &> /dev/null \
               /usr/sbin/init

# 开启Hadoop-Slave容器
i=1
while [ $i -lt $N ]
do
    sudo docker rm -f hadoop-slave$i &> /dev/null
    echo "start hadoop-slave$i container..."
    sudo docker run -itd \
                   --privileged -e "container=docker" -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
                    --net=hadoop \
                    --name hadoop-slave$i \
                    --hostname hadoop-slave$i \
                    hadoop-docker &> /dev/null \
                  /usr/sbin/init
    i=$(( $i + 1 ))
done 

# 进入Hadoop-Master容器的命令行
sudo docker exec -it hadoop-master bash
stop-container.sh

增加了一个关闭全部主从节点容器的脚本。

#!/bin/bash

# 默认节点数3个(即一个master,两个slave)
N=${1:-3}

# 关闭Hadoop-Master容器
sudo docker container stop hadoop-master
echo "stop hadoop-master container..."

# 开启Hadoop-Slave容器
i=1
while [ $i -lt $N ]
do
    echo "stop hadoop-slave$i container..."
    sudo docker container stop hadoop-slave$i
    i=$(( $i+1 ))
done
remove-container.sh

Docker失败过程中会生成一些none镜像,而且因为有依赖所以清除起来比较麻烦,这里是在网上搜集的清除方法写成单独的脚本,堪称强迫症患者的福音!

#!/bin/bash

# 默认为none镜像
name=${1:-none}

# 删除容器镜像
docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk '{print $1 }' |xargs docker stop
docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk '{print $1 }' |xargs docker rm
docker images| grep $name | awk '{print $3 }' |xargs docker rmi
resize-cluster.sh

重新设置从节点数量并重构镜像的脚本。

#!/bin/bash

# N is the node number of hadoop cluster
N=$1

if [ $# = 0 ]
then
    echo "Please specify the node number of hadoop cluster!"
    exit 1
fi

# change slaves file
i=1
rm config/slaves
while [ $i -lt $N ]
do
    echo "hadoop-slave$i" >> config/slaves
    ((i++))
done 

echo -e "\nrebuild docker hadoop image!\n"

# rebuild hadoop image
sudo docker build -t hadoop-docker .

# clear none image
./remove-container.sh

附:命令行纯净版

[xxx@localhost ~]$ mkdir -p hadoop-docker/config
[xxx@localhost ~]$ cd hadoop-docker
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ touch Dockerfile start-container.sh config/ssh_config config/start-hadoop.sh config/run-wordcount.sh
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ export version=2.7.3
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ cp ../hadoop-src/hadoop-$version-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-$version.tar.gz hadoop-$version.tar.gz
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ tar -xzvf hadoop-$version.tar.gz
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml config/core-site.xml
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh config/hadoop-env.sh
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml config/hdfs-site.xml
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template config/mapred-site.xml
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ copy hadoop-$version/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml config/yarn-site.xml
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/core-site.xml



    
    
        fs.defaultFS
        hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/
    

~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/hadoop-env.sh

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here.

# The only required environment variable is JAVA_HOME.  All others are
# optional.  When running a distributed configuration it is best to
# set JAVA_HOME in this file, so that it is correctly defined on
# remote nodes.

# The java implementation to use.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk

# The jsvc implementation to use. Jsvc is required to run secure datanodes
# that bind to privileged ports to provide authentication of data transfer
# protocol.  Jsvc is not required if SASL is configured for authentication of
# data transfer protocol using non-privileged ports.
#export JSVC_HOME=${JSVC_HOME}

export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_CONF_DIR:-"/etc/hadoop"}

# Extra Java CLASSPATH elements.  Automatically insert capacity-scheduler.
for f in $HADOOP_HOME/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar; do
  if [ "$HADOOP_CLASSPATH" ]; then
    export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$HADOOP_CLASSPATH:$f
  else
    export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$f
  fi
done

# The maximum amount of heap to use, in MB. Default is 1000.
#export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=
#export HADOOP_NAMENODE_INIT_HEAPSIZE=""

# Extra Java runtime options.  Empty by default.
export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"

# Command specific options appended to HADOOP_OPTS when specified
export HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=${HADOOP_SECURITY_LOGGER:-INFO,RFAS} -Dhdfs.audit.logger=${HDFS_AUDIT_LOGGER:-INFO,NullAppender} $HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS"
export HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=ERROR,RFAS $HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS"

export HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=${HADOOP_SECURITY_LOGGER:-INFO,RFAS} -Dhdfs.audit.logger=${HDFS_AUDIT_LOGGER:-INFO,NullAppender} $HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS"

export HADOOP_NFS3_OPTS="$HADOOP_NFS3_OPTS"
export HADOOP_PORTMAP_OPTS="-Xmx512m $HADOOP_PORTMAP_OPTS"

# The following applies to multiple commands (fs, dfs, fsck, distcp etc)
export HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS="-Xmx512m $HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS"
#HADOOP_JAVA_PLATFORM_OPTS="-XX:-UsePerfData $HADOOP_JAVA_PLATFORM_OPTS"

# On secure datanodes, user to run the datanode as after dropping privileges.
# This **MUST** be uncommented to enable secure HDFS if using privileged ports
# to provide authentication of data transfer protocol.  This **MUST NOT** be
# defined if SASL is configured for authentication of data transfer protocol
# using non-privileged ports.
export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=${HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER}

# Where log files are stored.  $HADOOP_HOME/logs by default.
#export HADOOP_LOG_DIR=${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}/$USER

# Where log files are stored in the secure data environment.
export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_LOG_DIR=${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}/${HADOOP_HDFS_USER}

###
# HDFS Mover specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the HDFS Mover.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HADOOP_MOVER_OPTS=""

###
# Advanced Users Only!
###

# The directory where pid files are stored. /tmp by default.
# NOTE: this should be set to a directory that can only be written to by 
#       the user that will run the hadoop daemons.  Otherwise there is the
#       potential for a symlink attack.
export HADOOP_PID_DIR=${HADOOP_PID_DIR}
export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID_DIR=${HADOOP_PID_DIR}

# A string representing this instance of hadoop. $USER by default.
export HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$USER
~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/hdfs-site.xml



    
    
        dfs.namenode.name.dir
        file:///root/hdfs/namenode
        NameNode directory for namespace and transaction logs storage.
    
    
    
        dfs.datanode.data.dir
        file:///root/hdfs/datanode
        DataNode directory
    
    
    
        dfs.replication
        2
    

~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/mapred-site.xml



    
    
        mapreduce.framework.name
        yarn
    

~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/run-wordcount.sh

#!/bin/bash

# test the hadoop cluster by running wordcount

# create input files 
mkdir input
echo "Hello Docker" >input/file2.txt
echo "Hello Hadoop" >input/file1.txt

# create input directory on HDFS
hadoop fs -mkdir -p input

# put input files to HDFS
hdfs dfs -put ./input/* input

# run wordcount 
hadoop jar $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.3-sources.jar org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount input output

# print the input files
echo -e "\ninput file1.txt:"
hdfs dfs -cat input/file1.txt

echo -e "\ninput file2.txt:"
hdfs dfs -cat input/file2.txt

# print the output of wordcount
echo -e "\nwordcount output:"
hdfs dfs -cat output/part-r-00000
~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/slaves

hadoop-slave1
hadoop-slave2
~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/ssh_config

Host localhost
  StrictHostKeyChecking no

Host 0.0.0.0
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  
Host hadoop-*
   StrictHostKeyChecking no
   UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/start-hadoop.sh

#!/bin/bash

echo -e "\n"

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh

echo -e "\n"

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh

echo -e "\n"
~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi config/yarn-site.xml



    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
        mapreduce_shuffle
    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce_shuffle.class
        org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler
    
    
    
        yarn.resourcemanager.hostname
        hadoop-master
    

~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi Dockerfile

# 镜像来源
FROM centos7-systemd

# 镜像创建者(写入自己的信息)
MAINTAINER "you" 

# 指定目录
WORKDIR /root

# 安装软件
RUN yum update -y && \
    yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk \
           openssh-server \
           openssh-clients \
           which

# 复制Hadoop
ENV HADOOP_VERSION=2.7.3
COPY hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz /root/hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz
# 安装
RUN tar -xzvf hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz && \
    mv hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION /usr/local/hadoop && \
    rm hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION.tar.gz

# 设置环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk
ENV HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
ENV PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
ENV HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/libexec 

# ssh无密码登录
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' && \
    cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

# 复制配置文件及配置权限
COPY config/* /tmp/
RUN mv /tmp/ssh_config ~/.ssh/config && \
    mv /tmp/hadoop-env.sh /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh && \
    mv /tmp/hdfs-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml && \ 
    mv /tmp/core-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/mapred-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/yarn-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml && \
    mv /tmp/slaves $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves && \
    mv /tmp/start-hadoop.sh ~/start-hadoop.sh && \
    mv /tmp/run-wordcount.sh ~/run-wordcount.sh
RUN chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config && \
    chmod +x ~/start-hadoop.sh && \
    chmod +x ~/run-wordcount.sh && \
    chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh && \
    chmod +x $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh 

# 格式化namenode
RUN mkdir -p ~/hdfs/namenode && \ 
    mkdir -p ~/hdfs/datanode && \
    mkdir $HADOOP_HOME/logs
RUN $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hdfs namenode -format

# 启动容器后开启ssh服务
CMD [ "sh", "-c", "systemctl start sshd; bash"]
~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ vi start-container.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 默认节点数3个(即一个master,两个slave)
N=${1:-3}


# 开启Hadoop-Master容器
sudo docker rm -f hadoop-master &> /dev/null
echo "start hadoop-master container..."
sudo docker run -itd \
                --privileged -e "container=docker" -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
                --net=hadoop \
                -p 50070:50070 \
                -p 8088:8088 \
                --name hadoop-master \
                --hostname hadoop-master \
                hadoop-docker &> /dev/null \
               /usr/sbin/init

# 开启Hadoop-Slave容器
i=1
while [ $i -lt $N ]
do
    sudo docker rm -f hadoop-slave$i &> /dev/null
    echo "start hadoop-slave$i container..."
    sudo docker run -itd \
                   --privileged -e "container=docker" -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
                    --net=hadoop \
                    --name hadoop-slave$i \
                    --hostname hadoop-slave$i \
                    hadoop-docker &> /dev/null \
                  /usr/sbin/init
    i=$(( $i + 1 ))
done 

# 进入Hadoop-Master容器的命令行
sudo docker exec -it hadoop-master bash
~
~
~
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ sudo docker build -t hadoop-docker .
[xxx@localhost hadoop-docker]$ ./start-container.sh
@hadoop-master[root@hadoop-master ~]# ./start-hadoop.sh
@hadoop-master[root@hadoop-master ~]# ./run-wordcount.sh
@hadoop-master[root@hadoop-master ~]# exit

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