UIAppearance使用(转)

iOS5及其以后提供了一个比较强大的工具UIAppearance,我们通过UIAppearance设置一些UI的全局效果,这样就可以很方便的实现UI的自定义效果又能最简单的实现统一界面风格,它提供如下两个方法。

+ (id)appearance
这个方法是统一全部改,比如你设置UINavBar的tintColor,你可以这样写:[[UINavigationBarappearance] setTintColor:myColor];
+ (id)appearanceWhenContainedIn:(Class<>)ContainerClass,...
这个方法可设置某个类的改变:例如:设置UIBarButtonItem在UINavigationBar、UIPopoverController、UITabbar中的效果。就可以这样写
[[UIBarButtonItemappearanceWhenContainedIn:[UINavigationBar class],[UIPopoverController class],[UITabbar class] nil]setTintColor:myPopoverNavBarColor];

warning:请注意*使用appearance设置UI效果最好采用全局的设置,在所有界面初始化前开始设置,否则可能失效。

修改导航栏背景:

UINavigationBar * appearance = [UINavigationBarappearance];
UIImage *navBackgroundImg =[UIImage imageNamed:@"navBg.png”];
[appearancesetBackgroundImage:navBackgroundImg forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

标签栏(UITabBar)

UITabBar *appearance = [UITabBar appearance];
   //设置背景图片
   [appearancesetBackgroundImage:[UIImageimageNamed:@"tabbar_bg.png"]];
   //门置选择item的背景图片
   UIImage *selectionIndicatorImage =[[UIImage imageNamed:@"tabbar_slider"]resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(4,0, 0,0)] ;
    [appearancesetSelectionIndicatorImage:selectionIndicatorImage];

分段控件

UISegmentedControl *appearance = [UISegmentedControlappearance];
  
  //Segmenteg正常背景
  [appearancesetBackgroundImage:[UIImageimageNamed:@"Segmente.png"]
                  forState:UIControlStateNormal
                 barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
  
  //Segmente选中背景
  [appearancesetBackgroundImage:[UIImageimageNamed:@"Segmente_a.png"]
                  forState:UIControlStateSelected
                 barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
  
  //Segmente左右都未选中时的分割线
  //BarMetrics表示navigationbar的状态,UIBarMetricsDefault表示portrait状态(44pixelheight),UIBarMetricsLandscapePhone表示landscape状态(32pixelheight)
  
  [appearancesetDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente_line.png"]
        forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
         rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
               barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
  
  [appearancesetDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente_line.png"]
        forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
         rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
               barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
  
  [appearancesetDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente_line.png"]
        forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
         rightSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
               barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
  
   //字体
  NSDictionary *textAttributes1 = @{UITextAttributeFont: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                           UITextAttributeTextColor:[UIColor blueColor],
                           UITextAttributeTextShadowColor:[UIColor whiteColor],
                           UITextAttributeTextShadowOffset:[NSValue valueWithCGSize:CGSizeMake(1, 1)]};
  
   [appearancesetTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes1forState:1];
  
  NSDictionary *textAttributes2 = @{UITextAttributeFont: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                           UITextAttributeTextColor:[UIColor whiteColor],
                           UITextAttributeTextShadowColor:[UIColor blackColor],
                           UITextAttributeTextShadowOffset:[NSValue valueWithCGSize:CGSizeMake(1, 1)]};
  
   [appearancesetTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes2forState:0];

UIBarButton

注意:UIBarbutton有leftBarButton,rightBarButton和backBarButton,其中backBarButton由于带有箭头,需要单独设置。

barButton背景设置是ios6.0及以后的,而backbutton是ios5.0及以后的,这里要注意!

代码如下:

   //修改导航条上的UIBarButtonItem
   UIBarButtonItem *appearance = [UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:[UINavigationBarclass], nil];

   //设置导航栏的字体包括backBarButton和leftBarButton,rightBarButton的字体
   NSDictionary *textAttributes = @{UITextAttributeFont: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                            UITextAttributeTextColor:[UIColor blueColor],
                            UITextAttributeTextShadowColor:[UIColor whiteColor],
                            UITextAttributeTextShadowOffset:[NSValue valueWithCGSize:CGSizeMake(1, 1)]};
   
    [appearancesetTitleTextAttributes:textAttributesforState:1];//forState为0时为下正常状态,为1时为点击状态。

   
   //修改leftBarButton,rightBarButton背景效果
   [appearancesetBackgroundImage:[UIImageimageNamed:@"navBarButton.png"]
                   forState:UIControlStateNormal
                      style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
                  barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
   
   [appearancesetBackgroundImage:[UIImageimageNamed:@"navBarButton_a.png"]
                   forState:UIControlStateHighlighted
                      style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
                  barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

   
   //backBarButton需要单独设置背景效果。只能在ios6.0以后才能用
   [appearancesetBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"nav_bg.png"]
                            forState:0
                          barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
   
   [appearancesetBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"work.png"]
                            forState:1
                          barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
   
   [appearancesetBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:UIOffsetMake(2,-1)
                              forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

工具栏

UIToolbar *appearance = [UIToolbar appearance];
   //样式和背景二选一即可,看需求了
   //样式(黑色半透明,不透明等)设置
   [appearancesetBarStyle:UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent];
   //背景设置
   [appearancesetBackgroundImage:[UIImageimageNamed:@"toolbarBg.png"]
            forToolbarPosition:UIToolbarPositionAny
                  barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

UIAppearance实现原理

在通过UIAppearance调用“UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR”标记的方法来配置外观时,UIAppearance实际上没有进行任何实际调用,而是把这个调用保存起来(在Objc中可以用NSInvocation对象来保存一个调用)。当实际的对象显示之前(添加到窗口上,drawRect:之前),就会对这个对象调用之前保存的调用。当这个setter调用后,你的界面风格自定义就完成了。

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