注解
相对于注释,注解能做到更多事情,对于注解更深入的了解还比较少,这里只简单介绍如何去自定义一个注解,并编写自己的注解处理器。
自定义一个注解:ExtractInterface
用途:抽取被注解类的public非static的方法,并生成接口
定义注解
//ExtractInterface.Java
/**
* Created by liaowm5 on 17/7/31.
*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface ExtractInterface {
public String interfaceName(); //指定要生成的接口名
}
定义注解处理器
让自定义Processor继承自AbstractProcessor,其核心是实现process方法,用于获取被注解的对象。
// InterfaceExtractorProcessor.Java
/**
* Created by liaowm5 on 17/7/31.
*/
@AutoService(Processor.class)
public class InterfaceExtracorProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
private Set supportedAnnotationTypes = new HashSet();
@Override
public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
super.init(processingEnv);
supportedAnnotationTypes.add(ExtractInterface.class.getCanonicalName());
}
@Override
public boolean process(Set extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
Messager messager = processingEnv.getMessager();
for (TypeElement typeElement : annotations) {
for (Element element : roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith(typeElement)) {
ExtractInterface annot = element.getAnnotation(ExtractInterface.class);
if (annot != null) {
String interfaceName = annot.value();
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "ExtractInterface = " + interfaceName);
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "modifiers=" + element.getModifiers() + " name=" + element.getSimpleName());
for (Element e : element.getEnclosedElements()) {
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "modifiers=" + e.getModifiers() + " name=" + e.getSimpleName());
}
try {
List methodSpecList = new ArrayList<>();
for (Element e : element.getEnclosedElements()) {
methodSpecList.add(MethodSpec.methodBuilder(e.getSimpleName().toString())
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.ABSTRACT)
.build());
}
TypeSpec interfaceJavaFile = TypeSpec.interfaceBuilder(interfaceName)
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addMethods(methodSpecList)
.build();
JavaFile javaFile = JavaFile.builder(ExtractInterface.class.getPackage().getName(), interfaceJavaFile)
.build();
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "packageName = " + ExtractInterface.class.getPackage().toString());
javaFile.writeTo(new File("/Users/liaowm5/Desktop/Learn/Learn/annotationsTest/lib/"));
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, javaFile.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.ERROR, e.toString());
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
public Set getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
return supportedAnnotationTypes;
}
@Override
public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
}
}
注解本来可以用apt工具集成,你可以自定义注解处理器继承自Processor并重写Process方法也可以达到效果。但是在Intellij idea上用maven构建时出了一堆问题,只好继承AbstractProcessor。折中的方法: 用谷歌的一个注解框架(com.google.auto.service)并打包生成Jar包。导入你需要使用自定义注解的项目中,要注意的是,Intellij idea需要手动配置注解处理器。
使用自定义注解
@ExtractInterface("IMultipler")
public class Multiplier {
public Multiplier() {
}
public int multiply(int x, int y) {
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < x; i++)
total = add(total, y);
return total;
}
public int add(int x, int y) {
return x + y;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Multiplier m = new Multiplier();
System.out.println("11*6 = " + m.multiply(11, 6));
}
}
在idea项目结构中导入刚刚生成的自定义注解jar包
编译整个项目,就可以看到注解处理器在编译时输出的信息
同时生成了IMultipler接口
注意: IntelliJ Idea默认没有开启注解处理,需要在Preferences -> Build,Extension,Deployment -> complier -> Annotation Processors 勾选Enable annotation processing