NS3 Gnuplot说明

使用Gnuplot类做图(NS3官方文档内容翻译)

有两种使用ns3和gnuplot(http://www.gnuplot.inifo)做图的方法:

  1. 使用ns3的gnuplot类生成一个gnuplot控制文件
  2. 使用ns3生成gnuplot的数据文件

这一节我们使用方法一。
如果你对方法二有兴趣,请看ns3的Tutorial的“Tracing”部分的“A Real Example”子部分。

下面是使用ns3的Gnuplot类做图的步骤:

  1. 使用Gnuplot类和它的函数更改你的代码
  2. 运行代码,以生成gnuplot的控制文件
  3. 使用控制文件的名字调用gnuplot
  4. 使用你自己感兴趣的视图程序查看视图文件

下面看代码,更加了解步骤一的详细信息。
例子目录位置:
src/stats/examples/gnuplot-example.cc

使用下面的命令运行例子程序:

$ ./waf shell
$ cd build/debug/src/stats/examples
$ ./gnuplot-example

运行上面的命令过后,会在例子程序所在目录下产生gnuplot的控制文件:

plot-2d.plt
plot-2d-with-error-bars.plt
plot-3d.plt

为了查看控制文件的内容,运行下面的命令:

$ gnuplot plot-2d.plt
$ gnuplot plot-2d-with-error-bars.plt
$ gnuplot plot-3d.plt

运行命令过后,会在当前目录下生成图片文件:

plot-2d.png
plot-2d-with-error-bars.png
plot-3d.png

下面就可以使用你自己感兴趣的程序,查看视图文件。如果安装了gimp在电脑上,可以使用下面的命令查看:

$ gimp plot-2d.png
$ gimp plot-2d-with-error-bars.png
$ gimp plot-3d.png

2D视图的例子
我们使用下面的代码生成一个gnuplot-example.cc文件(该文件路径src/stats/examples/gnuplot-example.cc):

using namespace std;
string fileNameWithNoExtension  ="plot-2d";
string graphicsFileName =fileNameWithNoExtension + ".png";
string plotFileName     =fileNameWithNoExtension + ".plt";
string plotTitle        ="2-D Plot";
string dataTitle        ="2-D Data";
// Instantiate the plot and set its title.
Gnuplot plot (graphicsFileName);
plot.SetTitle (plotTitle);
// Make the graphics file, which the plot file will create when it
// is used with Gnuplot, be a PNG file.
plot.SetTerminal ("png");
// Set the labels for each axis.
plot.SetLegend ("X Values", "Y Values");
// Set the range for the x axis.
plot.AppendExtra ("set xrange [-6:+6]");
// Instantiate the dataset, set its title, and make the points be
// plotted along with connecting lines.
Gnuplot2dDataset dataset;
dataset.SetTitle (dataTitle);
dataset.SetStyle (Gnuplot2dDataset::LINES_POINTS);
double x;
double y;
// Create the 2-D dataset.
for (x = -5.0; x <= +5.0; x += 1.0)
{
// Calculate the 2-D curve
y = x * x;
// Add this point.
dataset.Add (x, y);
}
// Add the dataset to the plot.
plot.AddDataset (dataset);
// Open the plot file.
ofstream plotFile (plotFileName.c_str());
// Write the plot file.
plot.GenerateOutput (plotFile);
// Close the plot file.
plotFile.close ();
NS3 Gnuplot说明_第1张图片
这里写图片描述

带有误差的2D视图

使用下面的代码可以产生在x,y方向具备误差的2D视图。
代码如下,代码生成一个gnuplot-example.cc文件(该文件路径src/stats/examples/gnuplot-example.cc):

using namespace std;
string fileNameWithNoExtension  ="plot-2d-with-error-bars";
string graphicsFileName =fileNameWithNoExtension + ".png";
string plotFileName     =fileNameWithNoExtension + ".plt";
string plotTitle        ="2-D Plot With Error Bars";
string dataTitle        ="2-D Data With Error Bars";
// Instantiate the plot and set its title.
Gnuplot plot (graphicsFileName);
plot.SetTitle (plotTitle);
// Make the graphics file, which the plot file will create when it
// is used with Gnuplot, be a PNG file.
plot.SetTerminal ("png");
// Set the labels for each axis.
plot.SetLegend ("X Values", "Y Values");
// Set the range for the x axis.
plot.AppendExtra ("set xrange [-6:+6]");
// Instantiate the dataset, set its title, and make the points be
// plotted with no connecting lines.
Gnuplot2dDataset dataset;
dataset.SetTitle (dataTitle);
dataset.SetStyle (Gnuplot2dDataset::POINTS);
// Make the dataset have error bars in both the x and y directions.
dataset.SetErrorBars (Gnuplot2dDataset::XY);
double x;
double xErrorDelta;
double y;
double yErrorDelta;
// Create the 2-D dataset.
for (x = -5.0; x <= +5.0; x += 1.0)
{
    // Calculate the 2-D curve
    y = x * x;
    // Make the uncertainty in the x direction be constant and make
    // the uncertainty in the y direction be a constant fraction of
    // y's value.
    xErrorDelta = 0.25;
    yErrorDelta = 0.1 * y;
    // Add this point with uncertainties in both the x and y
    // direction.
    dataset.Add (x, y, xErrorDelta, yErrorDelta);
}
// Add the dataset to the plot.
plot.AddDataset (dataset);
// Open the plot file.
ofstream plotFile (plotFileName.c_str());
// Write the plot file.
plot.GenerateOutput (plotFile);
// Close the plot file.
plotFile.close ();
NS3 Gnuplot说明_第2张图片
这里写图片描述

3D视图的例子程序

代码如下,代码生成一个gnuplot-example.cc文件(该文件路径src/stats/examples/gnuplot-example.cc):

using namespace std;

string fileNameWithNoExtension  ="plot-3d";
string graphicsFileName =fileNameWithNoExtension + ".png";
string plotFileName     =fileNameWithNoExtension + ".plt";
string plotTitle        ="3-D Plot";
string dataTitle        ="3-D Data";

// Instantiate the plot and set its title.
Gnuplot plot (graphicsFileName);
plot.SetTitle (plotTitle);
// Make the graphics file, which the plot file will create when it
// is used with Gnuplot, be a PNG file.
plot.SetTerminal ("png");
// Rotate the plot 30 degrees around the x axis and then rotate the
// plot 120 degrees around the new z axis.
plot.AppendExtra ("set view 30, 120, 1.0, 1.0");

// Make the zero for the z-axis be in the x-axis and y-axis plane.
plot.AppendExtra ("set ticslevel 0");
// Set the labels for each axis.
plot.AppendExtra ("set xlabel 'X Values'");
plot.AppendExtra ("set ylabel 'Y Values'");
plot.AppendExtra ("set zlabel 'Z Values'");
// Set the ranges for the x and y axis.
plot.AppendExtra ("set xrange [-5:+5]");
plot.AppendExtra ("set yrange [-5:+5]");
// Instantiate the dataset, set its title, and make the points be
// connected by lines.
Gnuplot3dDataset dataset;
dataset.SetTitle (dataTitle);
dataset.SetStyle ("with lines");
double x;
double y;
double z;
// Create the 3-D dataset.
for (x = -5.0; x <= +5.0; x += 1.0)
{
    for (y = -5.0; y <= +5.0; y += 1.0)
    {
        // Calculate the 3-D surface
        z = x * x * y * y;
        // Add this point.
        dataset.Add (x, y, z);
    }
    // The blank line is necessary at the end of each x value's data
    // points for the 3-D surface grid to work.
    dataset.AddEmptyLine ();
}
// Add the dataset to the plot.
plot.AddDataset (dataset);
// Open the plot file.
ofstream plotFile (plotFileName.c_str());
// Write the plot file.
plot.GenerateOutput (plotFile);
// Close the plot file.
plotFile.close ();
NS3 Gnuplot说明_第3张图片
这里写图片描述

运行以下命令,产生如下信息:

root@longyin:/home/workspace/ns3# gnuplot plot-2d.plt

程序 'gnuplot' 已包含在下列软件包中:

  • gnuplot-nox
  • gnuplot-qt
  • gnuplot-x11
  • gnuplot5-nox
  • gnuplot5-qt
  • gnuplot5-x11

请尝试:apt-get install <选定的软件包>
说明没有安装gnuplot。
使用下面的命令安装(我的系统ubuntu 15.04):

sudo apt-get install gnuplot-x11

该命令安装的gunplot不是最新版本,我安装的版本是4.6,官方最新版本是5.0.2。
不过我使用官方的tar压缩文件安装有问题,还是使用该命令靠谱!!!

上面的命令安装完成之后,终端输入命令:gnuplot
会直接进入gnuplot命令行,如下所示:

root@xxx:/home# gnuplot

    G N U P L O T
    Version 4.6 patchlevel 6    last modified September 2014
    Build System: Linux i686

    Copyright (C) 1986-1993, 1998, 2004, 2007-2014
    Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley and many others

    gnuplot home:     http://www.gnuplot.info
    faq, bugs, etc:   type "help FAQ"
    immediate help:   type "help"  (plot window: hit 'h')

Terminal type set to 'x11'
gnuplot> 

如果输入命令行gnuplot之后,终端还是显示没有安装的信息,需要在/etc/profile文件中把/usr/bin添加到PATH路径中。安装的gnuplot会在/usr/bin目录中。设置完/etc/profile之后,需要在终端输入命令:

$ source /etc/profile

该命令让更改生效。
更改完成之后,在任意文件夹下输入命令gunplot就可以进入gnuplot命令行。

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