ThreadPoolExecutor源码剖析

ThreadPoolExecutor提交任务入口代码如下:

    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        // ctl高3位表示线程池状态,低29位表示线程数目,对ctl的访问需要进行位运算
        int c = ctl.get(); 
        // 如果worker线程数目小于corePoolSize,增加一个worker线程
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) { 
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        // 如果worker线程不小于corePoolSize,并且线程池正在运行,则把任务添加到workQueue中
        // workQueue是一个BlockingQueue
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            // 再次获取线程池状态码并检测线程池是否运行,如果没有运行,则移除刚才提交的任务,调用reject方法
            // reject方法可以由RejectedExecutionHandler指定
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            // 如果worker线程数目为0,以maximumPoolSize为限制增加一个worker线程
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        // 如果任务添加到workQueue(有可能是有界队列)失败,
        // 以maximumPoolSize为限制增加一个worker线程
        // 如果增加线程失败,调用reject方法
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

看完任务如何提交,继续看addWorker方法是怎么运行的,只留下了方法的主干:

    private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // 检测条件
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;

            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                // 如果worker线程数目大于CAPACITY(ctl的低29位全为1,500多万)
                // 或者worker线程大于corePoolSize,maximumPoolSize(用core开关控制)
                // 添加worker线程失败
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                // CAS操作,增加worker线程数目
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
            }
        }
        // 增加worker线程测试条件通过,真正开始增加worker线程
        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            // new一个Worker,Worker是对线程和任务的一个封装,下面会讲到
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                        // 在workers里面新增worker
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        // 更新largestPoolSize
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                // 如果worker添加成功,则启动这个worker线程
                if (workerAdded) {
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            // 如果启动worker失败,调用addWorkerFailed方法
            // 这个方法主要是减少worker数目,从workers里面移除刚才添加的worker
            // 并在线程池中尝试中断一个idle worker
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

下面接着看Worker是怎么对线程与任务封装的,下面是Worker类的代码:

    // Worker类本身也是一个Runnable
    // AQS可以这样理解,它内部持有一个状态,并发的线程可以原子性的去修改这个状态
    private final class Worker
        extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
        implements Runnable
    {
        // 运行任务的线程
        final Thread thread;
        // 初始化运行的任务,可以为null
        Runnable firstTask;
        // 完成任务的计数
        volatile long completedTasks;

        Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
            setState(-1); // 状态设置为-1,禁止没有start线程前去中断这个线程
            this.firstTask = firstTask;
            // 传的是this对象,所以线程start会调用this的run方法
            this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
        }
        
        // run方法委托给runWorker方法,参数传的是this
        public void run() {
            runWorker(this);
        }

        // 关于锁的方法
        // 通过lock与unlock,可以知道worker是不是idle worker
        // 0代表没有加锁状态
        // 1代表加锁状态

        protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            return getState() != 0;
        }

        protected boolean tryAcquire(int unused) {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        protected boolean tryRelease(int unused) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            setState(0);
            return true;
        }

        public void lock()        { acquire(1); }
        public boolean tryLock()  { return tryAcquire(1); }
        public void unlock()      { release(1); }
        public boolean isLocked() { return isHeldExclusively(); }

        // 线程运行后也可以通过这个方法中断线程的运行
        void interruptIfStarted() {
            Thread t;
            if (getState() >= 0 && (t = thread) != null && !t.isInterrupted()) {
                try {
                    t.interrupt();
                } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
                }
            }
        }
    }

下面来看看runWorker方法,只留下了方法的主干:

  final void runWorker(Worker w) {
    Thread wt = Thread.currentThread(); //获取到worker的thread
    Runnable task = w.firstTask;
    w.firstTask = null;
    w.unlock(); // unlock worker,允许中断thread
    boolean completedAbruptly = true;
    // 死循环,当task为null或者从任务队列获取任务为null时,worker的thread会退出
    while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
      w.lock(); // lock表示这个worker不是idle worker
      // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
      // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
      // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
      // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
      if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
        (Thread.interrupted() &&
          runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
        !wt.isInterrupted())
        wt.interrupt();
      try {
        Throwable thrown = null;
        try {
          // 运行任务
          task.run();
        } catch (Throwable x) {
          thrown = x;
          throw new Error(x);
        }
      } finally {
        task = null;
        w.completedTasks++;
        w.unlock();
      }
    }
  }

下面接着看worker线程是如何从任务队列获取任务的:

    private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // 如果线程池状态至少为shutdown,并且
            // 线程池状态至少为stop或者工作队列为空
            // 减少worker的数目,并返回null,当worker线程检测到任务为null时,会自己退出
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }

            int wc = workerCountOf(c);
            // 当allowCoreThreadTimeOut为true或者worker线程数目大于corePoolSize时,允许超时
            boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
            // 如果worker线程数目大于maximumPoolSize,或者
            // 允许超时并且上一次poll也超时,并且
            // worker线程数目大于1,或者工作队列为空
            // 减少worker线程数目返回null
            if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
                && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                continue;
            }

            try {
                // 允许超时则用poll,否则take
                Runnable r = timed ?
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true;
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
    }

以上就是整个ThreadPoolExecutor主要的方法,还有另一个比较重要的方法,是用来清除idle worker的:

    private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne) {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            for (Worker w : workers) {
                Thread t = w.thread;
                // 如果worker的thread没有中断,并且尝试去获取worker的锁
                // 成功则表示worker没有运行任务,那么中断这个idle worker
                // 失败则表示worker正在运行任务,不中断这个worker
                if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock()) {
                    try {
                        t.interrupt();
                    } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
                    } finally {
                        w.unlock();
                    }
                }
                if (onlyOne)
                    break;
            }
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
    }

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