PXE+Kickstart 工作概述
- 网卡上的pxe芯片有521字节，存放了dhcp和tftp的客户端
- 以网卡方式启动计算机
- pxe上的dhcp客户端回向dhcp服务器，申请IP地址
- DHCP服务器分配给它IP地址的同时通过以下字段，告诉pxe，TFTP的地址和它需要下载的文件（next-sterver filename “pxslinux.0”）
- pxelinux.0告诉pxe要下载的配置文件pxelinux.cfg目录下面的default
- pxe下载并根据配置文件的内容下载启动必须的文件，并通过ks.cfg开始安装系统
Cobbler 功能
- 使用一个以前定义的模板来配置DHCP服务（如果弃用了管理DHCP）
- 将一个存储库（yum或rsync）建立镜像或解压缩一个媒介，以注册一个新的操作系统
- 在DHCP配置文件中为需要安装的机器创建一个条目，并使用您指定的参数（IP和MAC地址）
- 在TFTP服务目录下创建适当的PXE文件
- 重新启动DHCP服务以反映更改
- 重新启动机器以开始安装
安装Cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install cobbler cobbler-web tftp httpd xinetd -y
安装完成执行 cobbler check
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
6 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
9 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
10 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
按照提示解决错误
- 1和2按照提示修改/etc/cobbler/settings 中 server 和 next_server 为指定的kickstar服务器（一般为本机的IP地址）
server: 9.110.187.140
next_server: 9.110.187.140
- 3和5开启守护进程控制rsync和tftp
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
service rsync
{
disable = no
flags = IPv6
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/bin/rsync
server_args = --daemon
log_on_failure += USERID
}
- 4 直接执行 cobbler get-loaders
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2017-06-07_113154_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Wed Jun 7 11:31:54 2017)
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
- 8和10直接进行yum安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum install pykickstart cman fence-agents -y
- 9 修改配置文件中的默认密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' 'cobbler'
$1$cobbler$M6SE55xZodWc9.vAKLJs6.
重启cobbler，检查，同步
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2017-06-07_120058_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Jun 7 12:00:58 2017)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
利用 kickstart 图形界面生成需要的 cfg 文件
具体如何使用请参考上篇文章：
http://www.jianshu.com/p/1d1d46069a44
本文主要利用 HTTP 的方式进行系统安装
挂载镜像文件到 /var/www/html/CentOS-6.9-x86_64目录下
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/CentOS-6.9-x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/CentOS-6.9-x86_64
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
修改 /etc/cobbler/settings 利用cobbler管理DHCP服务
# set to 1 to enable Cobbler's DHCP management features.
# the choice of DHCP management engine is in /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
manage_dhcp: 1
修改 /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 配置文件
subnet 9.110.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 9.110.187.2;
option domain-name-servers 9.110.187.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 9.110.187.100 9.110.187.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
}
重启 cobbler 服务，同步 cobbler 配置
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
导入相关的系统镜像文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/var/www/html/CentOS-6.9-x86_64/ --name=CentOS-6.9-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
查看镜像时候导入成功
`
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
CentOS-6.9-x86_64
导入编辑的 cfg文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$TjakpGzz$Kfx8GocFqs9sQgfrnBjxu1
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://9.110.187.140/CentOS-6.9-x86_64"
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=500
part / --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.9-x86_64.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
用网卡方式启动一台新的服务器
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