1. 安装pip
easy_install和pip都是python的包管理工具，pip是easy_install的改良版，其中mac自带easy_install。
sudo easy_install pip
2. 安装virtualenv
sudo pip install virtualenv
在OSX 10.11中若提示如下类似错误
The directory '/Users/yang/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/yang/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
可忽略，或者执行
sudo -H pip install virtualenv
3. 安装virtualenvwrapper
sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper
若在OSX 10.11中有如下报错
Installing collected packages: six
Found existing installation: six 1.4.1
DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
Uninstalling six-1.4.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 736, in install
requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 742, in uninstall
paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
renames(path, new_path)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
shutil.move(old, new)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
copy2(src, real_dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
copystat(src, dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-vyEme3-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'
则执行
sudo pip install pbr
sudo pip install --no-deps stevedore
sudo pip install --no-deps virtualenvwrapper
4. 安装python3
brew install python3
5. 创建虚拟环境
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
终端执行上面命令，并在~.bash_profile文件中添加，方便可以执行虚拟环境相关命令。
mkvirtualenv --python=/usr/local/bin/python3 python_3
6. 虚拟环境相关命令
* 列出所有虚拟环境 workon
* 创建基本环境 mkvirtualenv [环境名]
* 激活环境 workon [环境名]
* 退出环境 deactivate [环境名]
* 删除环境 rmvirtualenv [环境名]
引用
- Install Python 3 on Mac OS X and use virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper
- Can't install virtualenvwrapper on OSX 10.11 El Capitan
- python 虚拟环境[virtualenv/virtualenvwrapper]设置