最近机房刚上了一批机器(有100台左右)，需要使用Nagios对这一批机器进行监控。领导要求两天时间完成所有主机的监控。从原来的经验来看，两天时间肯定完成不了。那怎么办？按照之前的想法，肯定是在nagios配置文件逐一添加每台客户端的监控信息，工作量巨大。突然，想到一个想法，是否可以通过脚本来实现批量对主机进行监控，也就是运维自动化。
写脚本，最重要的就是思路。思路压倒一切，经过思考最终决定就这么做了。先贴出来一张网路拓扑图：
整个过程可以分为三部分。
cmdb端:主要用来实现对数据的收集，采用两个API，一个是提供给客户机的API。用于将客户端的数据上传的cmdb服务器；另外一个API是nagios通过此API可以得到要监控主机的信息，然后对该信息进行整理，做成nagios监控模板。
Client端：通过Python脚本收集本机器要监控的软硬件信息，然后通过cmdb端提供的API接口将数据上传到cmdb端的数据库。
Nagios端：通过cmdb端提供的API接口实现对cmdb收集到的信息进行抓取，然后将数据写入到模板，最后copy到naigos指定的objects目录，最终实现对客户机的监控。
这三部分最重要的应该是CMDB端。接下来通过安装django和编写API接口实现cmdb可以正常工作。可以将cmdb端分为三个步骤来完成：
安装django
配置django
编写API接口
首先来进行安装django：
在安装django之前首先应该安装python(版本建议2.7.)
1.下载django软件包 可以到django官方网站下载最新django软件包(https://www.djangoproject.com). 2.解压缩并安装软件包 tar -zxvf Django-1.5.1.tar.gz cd Django-1.5.1 python setup.py install
创建项目和应用：
1.创建一个项目 python startproject simplecmdb 2.创建一个应用 python startapp hostinfo
配置django：
1.修改setting.py
DATABASES = {'ENGIN':'django.db.backends.sqlite','name':path.join('CMDB.db')} #使用的数据库及数据库名
INSTALLED_APPS =（hostinfoINSTALLED_APPS = （'hostinfo'）
INSTALLED_APPS = ('hostinfo') #应用的名称
2.修改urls.py
url(r'^api/gethost\.json$','hostinfo.views.gethosts'), #nagios客户端访问API接口地址
url(r'^api/clooect$','hostinfo.views.collect'), #客户端访问API进行上传数据的API
url(r'^admin/',include(admin.site.urls)), #django后台管理登入url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
3.修改项目hostinfo下的views.py
代码如下：
# Create your views here.
#包含以下模块
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponse
from models import Host, HostGroup
#包含json模块
try:
import json
except ImportError,e:
import simplejson as json
#用来接收客户端服务器发送过来的数据
def collect(request):
req = request
if req.POST:
vendor = req.POST.get('Product_Name')
sn = req.POST.get('Serial_Number')
product = req.POST.get('Manufacturer')
cpu_model = req.POST.get('Model_Name')
cpu_num = req.POST.get('Cpu_Cores')
cpu_vendor = req.POST.get('Vendor_Id')
memory_part_number = req.POST.get('Part_Number')
memory_manufacturer = req.POST.get('Manufacturer')
memory_size = req.POST.get('Size')
device_model = req.POST.get('Device_Model')
device_version = req.POST.get('Firmware_Version')
device_sn = req.POST.get('Serial_Number')
device_size = req.POST.get('User_Capacity')
osver = req.POST.get('os_version')
hostname = req.POST.get('os_name')
os_release = req.POST.get('os_release')
ipaddrs = req.POST.get('Ipaddr')
mac = req.POST.get('Device')
link = req.POST.get('Link')
mask = req.POST.get('Mask')
device = req.POST.get('Device')
host = Host()
host.hostname = hostname
host.product = product
host.cpu_num = cpu_num
host.cpu_model = cpu_model
host.cpu_vendor = cpu_vendor
host.memory_part_number = memory_part_number
host.memory_manufacturer = memory_manufacturer
host.memory_size = memory_size
host.device_model = device_model
host.device_version = device_version
host.device_sn = device_sn
host.device_size = device_size
host.osver = osver
host.os_release = os_release
host.vendor = vendor
host.sn = sn
host.ipaddr = ipaddrs
host.save() #将客户端传过来的数据通过POST接收，存入数据库
return HttpResponse('OK') #如果插入成功，返回'ok'
else:
return HttpResponse('no post data')
#提供给NAGIOS 的API
def gethosts(req):
d = []
hostgroups = HostGroup.objects.all()
for hg in hostgroups:
ret_hg = {'hostgroup':hg.name,'members':[]}
members = hg.members.all()
for h in members:
ret_h = {'hostname':h.hostname, #API接口返回的数据
'ipaddr':h.ipaddr
}
ret_hg['members'].append(ret_h)
d.append(ret_hg)
ret = {'status':0,'data':d,'message':'ok'}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
4.修改model.py 文件
代码如下：
from django.db import models # Create your models here. #插入数据库的Host表,主要存储客户端主机的信息 class Host(models.Model): """store host information""" vendor = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) sn = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) product = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length=50,null=True) cpu_num = models.CharField(max_length=2,null=True) cpu_vendor = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) memory_part_number = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) memory_manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) memory_size = models.CharField(max_length=20,null=True) device_model = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) device_version = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) device_sn = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) device_size = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) osver = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) hostname = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) os_release = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True) ipaddr = models.IPAddressField(max_length=15) def __unicode__(self): return self.hostname #主机组表，用来对主机进行分组 class HostGroup(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
5.修改admin.py文件
#from models import Host, IPaddr from models import Host, HostGroup from django.contrib import admin #设置在django在admin后天显示的名称 class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ['vendor', 'sn', 'product', 'cpu_model', 'cpu_num', 'cpu_vendor', 'memory_part_number', 'memory_manufacturer', 'memory_size', 'device_model', 'device_version', 'device_sn', 'device_size', 'osver', 'hostname', 'os_release' ] #在django后台amdin显示的组名称 class HostGroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ['name',] #将如上两个类的数据展示到django的后台 admin.site.register(HostGroup,HostGroupAdmin) admin.site.register(Host, HostAdmin)
6.创建数据库
python manager.py syncdb #创建数据库
7.启动应用
python manager.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
8.测试
http://132.96.77.12:8000/admin
通过上图可以看到，django已经配置成功。
接下来可以在客户端编写收集主机信息的脚本了，主要抓取cpu、内存、硬盘、服务器型号、服务器sn、ip地址、主机名称、操作系统版本等信息，共7个脚本:
1.cpu抓取脚本：
#!/usr/local/src/python/bin/python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from subprocess import PIPE,Popen
import re
def getCpuInfo():
p = Popen(['cat','/proc/cpuinfo'],shell=False,stdout=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
return stdout.strip()
def parserCpuInfo(cpudata):
pd = {}
model_name = re.compile(r'.*model name\s+:\s(.*)')
vendor_id = re.compile(r'vendor_id\s+:(.*)')
cpu_cores = re.compile(r'cpu cores\s+:\s([\d]+)')
lines = [line for line in cpudata.split('\n')]
for line in lines:
model = re.match(model_name,line)
vendor = re.match(vendor_id,line)
cores = re.match(cpu_cores,line)
if model:
pd['Model_Name'] = model.groups()[0].strip()
if vendor:
pd['Vendor_Id'] = vendor.groups()[0].strip()
if cores:
pd['Cpu_Cores'] = cores.groups()[0]
else:
pd['Cpu_Cores'] = int('1')
return pd
if __name__ == '__main__':
cpudata = getCpuInfo()
print parserCpuInfo(cpudata)
2.硬盘抓取脚本：
#!/usr/local/src/python/bin/python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from subprocess import PIPE,Popen
import re
def getDiskInfo():
disk_dev = re.compile(r'Disk\s/dev/[a-z]{3}')
disk_name = re.compile(r'/dev/[a-z]{3}')
p = Popen(['fdisk','-l'],shell=False,stdout=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
for i in stdout.split('\n'):
disk = re.match(disk_dev,i)
if disk:
dk = re.search(disk_name,disk.group()).group()
n = Popen('smartctl -i %s' % dk,shell=True,stdout=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = n.communicate()
return stdout.strip()
def parserDiskInfo(diskdata):
ld = []
pd = {}
device_model = re.compile(r'(Device Model):(\s+.*)')
serial_number = re.compile(r'(Serial Number):(\s+[\d\w]{1,30})')
firmware_version = re.compile(r'(Firmware Version):(\s+[\w]{1,20})')
user_capacity = re.compile(r'(User Capacity):(\s+[\d\w, ]{1,50})')
for line in diskdata.split('\n'):
serial = re.search(serial_number,line)
device = re.search(device_model,line)
firmware = re.search(firmware_version,line)
user = re.search(user_capacity,line)
if device:
pd['Device_Model'] = device.groups()[1].strip()
if serial:
pd['Serial_Number'] = serial.groups()[1].strip()
if firmware:
pd['Firmware_Version'] = firmware.groups()[1].strip()
if user:
pd['User_Capacity'] = user.groups()[1].strip()
return pd
if __name__ == '__main__':
diskdata = getDiskInfo()
print parserDiskInfo(diskdata)
3.内存抓取脚本：
#!/usr/local/src/python/bin/python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from subprocess import PIPE,Popen
import re
import sys
def getMemInfo():
p = Popen(['dmidecode'],shell=False,stdout=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
return stdout.strip()
def parserMemInfo(memdata):
line_in = False
mem_str = ''
pd = {}
fd = {}
for line in memdata.split('\n'):
if line.startswith('Memory Device') and line.endswith('Memory Device'):
line_in = True
mem_str+='\n'
continue
if line.startswith('\t') and line_in:
mem_str+=line
else:
line_in = False
for i in mem_str.split('\n')[1:]:
lines = i.replace('\t','\n').strip()
for ln in lines.split('\n'):
k, v = [i for i in ln.split(':')]
pd[k.strip()] = v.strip()
if pd['Size'] != 'No Module Installed':
mem_info = 'Size:%s ; Part_Number:%s ; Manufacturer:%s' % (pd['Size'],pd['Part Number'],pd['Manufacturer'])
for line in mem_info.split('\n'):
for word in line.split(';'):
k, v = [i.strip() for i in word.split(':')]
fd[k] = v.strip()
yield fd
if __name__ == '__main__':
memdata = getMemInfo()
for i in parserMemInfo(memdata):
print i
4.抓取服务器信息脚本：
#!/usr/local/src/python/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from subprocess import PIPE,Popen
import urllib, urllib2
def getDMI():
p = Popen('dmidecode',shell=True,stdout=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
return stdout
def parserDMI(dmidata):
pd = {}
fd = {}
line_in = False
for line in dmidata.split('\n'):
if line.startswith('System Information'):
line_in = True
continue
if line.startswith('\t') and line_in:
k, v = [i.strip() for i in line.split(':')]
pd[k] = v
else:
line_in = False
name = "Manufacturer:%s ; Serial_Number:%s ; Product_Name:%s" % (pd['Manufacturer'],pd['Serial Number'],pd['Product Name'])
for i in name.split(';'):
k, v = [j.strip() for j in i.split(':')]
fd[k] = v
return fd
if __name__ == '__main__':
dmidata = getDMI()
postdata = parserDMI(dmidata)
print postdata
5.抓取主机信息
#!/usr/local/src/python/bin/python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import platform
def getHostInfo():
pd ={}
version = platform.dist()
os_name = platform.node()
os_release = platform.release()
os_version = '%s %s' % (version[0],version[1])
pd['os_name'] = os_name
pd['os_release'] = os_release
pd['os_version'] = os_version
return pd
if __name__ == '__main__':
print getHostInfo()
6.抓取ip地址：
#!/usr/local/src/python/bin/python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from subprocess import PIPE,Popen
import re
def getIpaddr():
p = Popen(['ifconfig'],shell=False,stdout=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
return stdout.strip()
def parserIpaddr(ipdata):
device = re.compile(r'(eth\d)')
ipaddr = re.compile(r'(inet addr:[\d.]{7,15})')
mac = re.compile(r'(HWaddr\s[0-9A-Fa-f:]{17})')
link = re.compile(r'(Link encap:[\w]{3,14})')
mask = re.compile(r'(Mask:[\d.]{9,15})')
for lines in ipdata.split('\n\n'):
pd = {}
eth_device = re.search(device,lines)
inet_ip = re.search(ipaddr,lines)
hw = re.search(mac,lines)
link_encap = re.search(link,lines)
_mask = re.search(mask,lines)
if eth_device:
if eth_device:
Device = eth_device.groups()[0]
if inet_ip:
Ipaddr = inet_ip.groups()[0].split(':')[1]
if hw:
Mac = hw.groups()[0].split()[1]
if link_encap:
Link = link_encap.groups()[0].split(':')[1]
if _mask:
Mask = _mask.groups()[0].split(':')[1]
pd['Device'] = Device
pd['Ipaddr'] = Ipaddr
pd['Mac'] = Mac
pd['Link'] = Link
pd['Mask'] = Mask
yield pd
if __name__ == '__main__':
ipdata = getIpaddr()
for i in parserIpaddr(ipdata):
print i
7.对这些信息进行合并，并通过API形式将数据发送给cmdb端
#!/usr/local/src/python/bin/python
import urllib, urllib2
from cpuinfo import *
from diskinfo import *
from meminfo import *
from product import *
from hostinfo import *
from ipaddress import *
def getHostTotal():
ld = []
cpuinfo = parserCpuInfo(getCpuInfo())
diskinfo = parserDiskInfo(getDiskInfo())
for i in parserMemInfo(getMemInfo()):
meminfo = i
productinfo = parserDMI(getDMI())
hostinfo = getHostInfo()
ipaddr = parserIpaddr(getIpaddr())
for i in ipaddr:
ip = i
for k in cpuinfo.iteritems():
ld.append(k)
for i in diskinfo.iteritems():
ld.append(i)
for j in meminfo.iteritems():
ld.append(j)
for v in productinfo.iteritems():
ld.append(v)
for x in hostinfo.iteritems():
ld.append(x)
for y in ip.iteritems():
ld.append(y)
return ld
def parserHostTotal(hostdata):
pg = {}
for i in hostdata:
pg[i[0]] = i[1]
return pg
def urlPost(postdata):
data = urllib.urlencode(postdata)
req = urllib2.Request('http://132.96.77.12:8000/api/collect',data)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
return response.read()
if __name__ == '__main__':
hostdata = getHostTotal()
postdata = parserHostTotal(hostdata)
print urlPost(postdata)
到目前为止，cmdb系统已经可以将所有客户端的主机信息写入到数据库，并且可以通过nagios端的API接口直接调到数据：
http://132.96.77.12:8000/api/gethosts.json
通过图可以看到，已经成功调用到API接口的数据。
接下来可以在nagios端进行调用API接口的数据，对数据进行格式化。并写入文件。
1.nagios脚本
#!/opt/data/py/bin/python
#!-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import urllib, urllib2
import json
import os
import shutil
CURR_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
HOST_CONF_DIR = os.path.join(CURR_DIR,'hosts')
HOST_TMP = """define host {
use linux-server
host_name %(hostname)s
check_command check-host-alive
alias %(hostname)s
address %(ipaddr)s
contact_groups admins
}
"""
def getHosts():
url = 'http://132.96.77.12:8000/api/gethosts.json'
return json.loads(urllib2.urlopen(url).read())
def initDir():
if not os.path.exists(HOST_CONF_DIR):
os.mkdir(HOST_CONF_DIR)
def writeFile(f,s):
with open(f,'w') as fd:
fd.write(s)
def genNagiosHost(hostdata):
initDir()
conf = os.path.join(HOST_CONF_DIR,'hosts.cfg')
hostconf = ""
for hg in hostdata:
for h in hg['members']:
hostconf+=HOST_TMP %h
writeFile(conf,hostconf)
return "ok"
def main():
result = getHosts()
if result['status'] == 0:
print genNagiosHost(result['data'])
else:
print 'Error: %s' % result['message']
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(HOST_CONF_DIR,'hosts.cfg')):
os.chdir(HOST_CONF_DIR)
shutil.copyfile('hosts.cfg','/etc/nagios/objects/hosts.cfg')
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
现在已经生成nagios主机的配置文件，并copy到nagios/objects目录下hosts.cfg。接下来可以测试是否nagios配置有问题，如果没有问题，就可以启动nagios服务
[root@yetcomm-v2 bin]# ./nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg
通过测试，nagios没有发生错误或警告信息，现在可以启动nagios服务：
[root@yetcomm-v2 bin]# service nagios restart
最后，可以通过浏览器查看nagios的监控界面：
通过上图，可以看到已经将一台主机加入到监控组。由于是生产环境，所有只能拿测试服务器进行测试。其实测试环境和生产环境的代码完全一致。