零基础学习Puppet自动化配置管理系列文档
将基础环境模块部署到puppetmaster端之后就可以初始化所有节点了，接下来就是部署应用代码了。众所周知，一个企业中应用代码的编写并不是运维一个人完成的，而且代码的上线也不是一次性完成的。标准的架构应该由开发、测试、生产三个组成，对应到puppetmaster里面应该有3套代码才对。而且每套代码都应该对应到自己的环境中，而代码的变更更应该通过版本控制工具进行管理，比如svn、git等。 接下来我们为puppetmaster创造3个环境，它们分别是开发环境(kissdev)、测试环境(kissqa)、生产环境(kissprd).
在标签[master]中添加environments环境，其次创建对应的环境标签及配置
[root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[main]
logdir = /var/log/puppet
rundir = /var/run/puppet
ssldir = $vardir/ssl
[agent]
classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com
certname = puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
[master]
certname = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com
environments = kissdev,kisstmq,kissprd #添加三个环境的标签名称
[kissdev]
modulepath = $confdir/environments/kissdev/environment/modules:$confdir/environments/kissdev/application/modules #设置环境的搜索路径
manifest = $confdir/environments/kissdev/manifests/site.pp #设置环境的site.pp文件位置
fileserverconfig = /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf.kissdev #设置环境的fileserver
[kissmq]
modulepath = $confdir/environments/kissmq/environment/modules:$confdir/environments/kisstest/application/modules
manifest = $confdir/environments/kisstest/manifests/site.pp
fileserverconfig = /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf.kisstest
[kissprd]
modulepath = $confdir/environments/kissprd/environment/modules:$confdir/environments/kissprd/application/modules
manifest = $confdir/environments/kissprd/manifests/site.pp
fileserverconfig = /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf.kissprd
顺便解释一下：为什么在每个环境下会有environment和application两个目录，其中environment目录是存放基础环境模块的，比如puppet、yum等；而application目录是存在应用环境模块的，比如apache、mysql等。当然也可以放在同一个目录下，如果应用多的话还可以将application进行拆分，一切都是为了方便管理而考虑。
[root@puppetmaster environments]# mkdir kissdev
[root@puppetmaster environments]# mkdir kissdev/{application/modules,environment/modules} -p
[root@puppetmaster environments]# tree .
.
└── kissdev
├── application
│ └── modules #存放应用的模块
└── environment
└── modules #存放基础环境模块
5 directories, 0 files
[root@puppetmaster environments]# cp kissdev kissmq -rp
[root@puppetmaster environments]# cp kissdev kissprd -rp
[root@puppetmaster environments]# tree .
.
├── kissdev
│ ├── application
│ │ └── modules
│ └── environment
│ └── modules
├── kissmq
│ ├── application
│ │ └── modules
│ └── environment
│ └── modules
└── kissprd
├── application
│ └── modules
└── environment
└── modules
15 directories, 0 files
其中puppet和yum模块属于基础环境模块，motd属于应用环境模块
[root@puppetmaster environments]# mv /etc/puppet/modules/puppet kissprd/environment/modules/ [root@puppetmaster environments]# mv /etc/puppet/modules/yum kissprd/environment/modules/ [root@puppetmaster environments]# mv /etc/puppet/modules/motd kissprd/application/modules/
[root@puppetmaster environments]# cp /etc/puppet/manifests kissprd/ -r
复制完成后整个环境如下
[root@puppetmaster environments]# tree kissprd/
kissprd/
├── application
│ └── modules
│ └── motd
│ ├── files
│ │ └── etc
│ │ └── motd
│ ├── manifests
│ │ └── init.pp
│ └── templates
├── environment
│ └── modules
│ ├── puppet
│ │ ├── files
│ │ ├── manifests
│ │ │ ├── config.pp
│ │ │ ├── init.pp
│ │ │ ├── install.pp
│ │ │ ├── params.pp
│ │ │ └── service.pp
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── puppet.conf.erb
│ └── yum
│ ├── files
│ │ ├── etc
│ │ │ └── yum.conf
│ │ └── PM-GPG-KEY
│ │ ├── RPM-GPG-KEY-puppet-release
│ │ ├── RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release-rhel5
│ │ └── RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release-rhel6
│ ├── manifests
│ │ ├── config.pp
│ │ ├── init.pp
│ │ ├── install.pp
│ │ └── params.pp
│ └── templates
└── manifests
└── site.pp
20 directories, 17 files
因为模块已经移除，其次默认环境production已经不再使用了。
[root@puppetmaster environments]# >/etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cp /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf{,.kissdev}
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cp /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf{,.kissqa}
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cp /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf{,.kissprd}
[root@puppetmaster ~]# ll /etc/puppet/
total 88
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2569 Jan 7 07:51 auth.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Mar 9 17:54 autosign.conf.bak
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 27 22:33 environments
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 381 Jan 7 07:49 fileserver.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 381 Mar 27 22:46 fileserver.conf.kissdev #指向kissdev环境
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 381 Mar 27 22:46 fileserver.conf.kissprd #指向kissmq环境
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 381 Mar 27 22:46 fileserver.conf.kissqa #指向kissdev环境
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 25 05:23 manifests
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 27 22:40 modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1063 Mar 27 21:55 puppet.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 853 Mar 9 00:48 puppet.conf.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42031 Mar 9 03:25 puppet.conf.out
7、重启puppetmaster服务
[root@puppetmaster ~]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster restart Stopping puppetmaster: [ OK ] Starting puppetmaster: [ OK ]
8、节点测试验证
[root@agent1 ~]# >/etc/motd
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent -t #默认请求的是production环境，由于此环境里面没有模块所有不更新
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1395931884'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent -t --environment=kissprd #环境指向kissprd
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1395931962'
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content:
--- /etc/motd 2014-03-27 22:52:27.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20140327-26204-29bst1-0 2014-03-27 22:52:44.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- --
+--------puppet test---------
+-- --
info: FileBucket got a duplicate file {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.68 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/motd
-- --
--------puppet test---------
-- --
9、节点更改环境
如果节点是主动同步的方式，应该在puppet.conf文件中添加environment配置
[root@agent1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
### config by puppet ###
[main]
logdir = /var/log/puppet
rundir = /var/run/puppet
ssldir = $vardir/ssl
[agent]
classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com
certname = agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
runinterval = 10
environment =kissprd #添加默认环境为kissprd
10、继续测试
[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent -t
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1395931962'
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content:
--- /etc/motd 2014-03-27 22:55:43.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20140327-30010-8ada2g-0 2014-03-27 22:56:19.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- --
+--------puppet test---------
+-- --
info: FileBucket got a duplicate file {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]/content:
--- /etc/puppet/puppet.conf 2014-03-27 22:56:14.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20140327-30010-cmjg48-0 2014-03-27 22:56:19.000000000 +0800
@@ -10,4 +10,3 @@
server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com
certname = agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
runinterval = 10
- environment =kissprd
info: FileBucket got a duplicate file {md5}43df60b1aa2638c5f10aa7e6be892b77
info: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/puppet/puppet.conf to puppet with sum 43df60b1aa2638c5f10aa7e6be892b77
notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}43df60b1aa2638c5f10aa7e6be892b77' to '{md5}8c67cb8c039bb6436556b91f0c6678c4'
info: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Class[Puppet::Service]
info: Class[Puppet::Service]: Scheduling refresh of Service[puppet]
notice: /Service[puppet]/ensure: ensure changed 'stopped' to 'running'
notice: /Service[puppet]: Triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.68 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/motd
-- --
--------puppet test---------
-- --
备注： 记得设置puppet模块中的puppet.conf.erb模板，否则会被还原哦。
1、puppetmaster端有三套环境，那么如何管理呢，接下来就应该考虑版本控制系统了，这里已经有写了http://rsyslog.org/2013/11/16/svn-puppet/
2、后面讲的hiear中关于设置的变量对应到每个环境中是如何解决的。
关于多环境的部署有不理解的还可以参考书籍《精通Puppet配置管理工具》或者官网
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