## mongodb的用户管理(认证管理)
用户分三种
全局用户
数据库对应用户
只读用户
### 创建全局用户(全局用户只能在admin账户下创建)
创建了一个名为zhuima,密码为zhuima的全局账户
[root@redis ~]# hostname redis.unix178.com [root@redis ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6 connecting to: test > show dbs local0.078125GB > use admin switched to db admin > db.addUser("zhuima","zhuima") { "user" : "zhuima", "readOnly" : false, "pwd" : "214c77cbc6bc7d26f28022c30496223d", "_id" : ObjectId("53cbcb3cc5761ac13c7f6614") } >
### 开启配置文件中的auth = true选项
[root@redis ~]# sed -n '/auth/p' /etc/mongodb.conf #noauth = true #auth = true auth = true [root@redis ~]#
### 重启mongodb进行验证 这里可以看到我们进行show的时候提示没权限
[root@redis ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6 connecting to: test > show dbs Sun Jul 20 14:02:01.765 listDatabases failed:{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "unauthorized" } at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:46 >
### test数据库是默认进入的目录,如果你不想进入test数据库,mongo 后面跟上--nodb即可
### 想要切换到全局用户时,必须先要进入admin数据库才可以
[root@redis ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6 connecting to: test > use admin switched to db admin > db.auth("zhuima","zhuima") 1 > show dbs admin0.203125GB local0.078125GB >
### 创建对应数据库的用户
> use zhuima switched to db zhuima > info = {info = {Name:"zhuima",Age:26,Gender:"F",Address:"Beijing China",Work:"Engineer",Other:"DevOps"} ... ... > info = {Name:"zhuima",Age:26,Gender:"F",Address:"Beijing China",Work:"Engineer",Other:"DevOps"} { "Name" : "zhuima", "Age" : 26, "Gender" : "F", "Address" : "Beijing China", "Work" : "Engineer", "Other" : "DevOps" } > db.addUser("nick","zhuima") { "user" : "nick", "readOnly" : false, "pwd" : "79e274165fd09b1902705535f24eecf9", "_id" : ObjectId("53cbcd00a6852f086df7d087") }
### 可以看出nick用户只能对zhuima这个数据库进行权限操作
[root@redis ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6 connecting to: test > use zhuima switched to db zhuima > db.auth("nick","zhuima") 1 > show dbs Sun Jul 20 14:08:02.743 listDatabases failed:{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "unauthorized" } at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:46 > show collections system.indexes system.users > db.system.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("53cbcd00a6852f086df7d087"), "user" : "nick", "readOnly" : false, "pwd" : "79e274165fd09b1902705535f24eecf9" } > info = {Name:"zhuima",Age:26,Gender:"F",Address:"Beijing China",Work:"Engineer",Other:"DevOps"} { "Name" : "zhuima", "Age" : 26, "Gender" : "F", "Address" : "Beijing China", "Work" : "Engineer", "Other" : "DevOps" } > db.student.insert(info) > db.student.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("53cbcd71d89972ce7ecf83c1"), "Name" : "zhuima", "Age" : 26, "Gender" : "F", "Address" : "Beijing China", "Work" : "Engineer", "Other" : "DevOps" } >
### 增加一个只读用户
> db.addUser("kale","zhuima",True) Sun Jul 20 14:10:33.956 ReferenceError: True is not defined > db.addUser("kale","zhuima",true) { "user" : "kale", "readOnly" : true, "pwd" : "c705496ba883d8a8acf0855396fa8b5e", "_id" : ObjectId("53cbcde3d89972ce7ecf83c2") } > message = {Name:"kale",Age:26,Gender:"F"} { "Name" : "kale", "Age" : 26, "Gender" : "F" } > db.auth("kale","zhuima") 1 > message = {Name:"kale",Age:26,Gender:"F"} { "Name" : "kale", "Age" : 26, "Gender" : "F" } > show collections student system.indexes system.users > db.student.insert(message) not authorized for insert on zhuima.student > db.auth("nick","zhuima") 1 > db.student.insert(message) > db.student.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("53cbcd71d89972ce7ecf83c1"), "Name" : "zhuima", "Age" : 26, "Gender" : "F", "Address" : "Beijing China", "Work" : "Engineer", "Other" : "DevOps" } { "_id" : ObjectId("53cbce5fd89972ce7ecf83c4"), "Name" : "kale", "Age" : 26, "Gender" : "F" } >
### 删除一个用户
> db.system.users.find() { "_id" : "admin.zhuima", "user" : "zhuima", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "214c77cbc6bc7d26f28022c30496223d" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "zhuima.nick", "user" : "nick", "db" : "zhuima", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "b8b8d091c8b634fe785f41cf3339d9ec" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "zhuima" } ] } { "_id" : "zhuima.test", "user" : "test", "db" : "zhuima", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "a6de521abefc2fed4f5876855a3484f5" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "zhuima" } ] } { "_id" : "zhuima.kale", "user" : "kale", "db" : "zhuima", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "a47cb6627c18898317171265eeea47e2" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "zhuima" } ] } > use zhuima switched to db zhuima > db.dropUser("test") true > show collections person system.indexes > use admin switched to db admin > db.system.users.find() { "_id" : "admin.zhuima", "user" : "zhuima", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "214c77cbc6bc7d26f28022c30496223d" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "zhuima.nick", "user" : "nick", "db" : "zhuima", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "b8b8d091c8b634fe785f41cf3339d9ec" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "zhuima" } ] } { "_id" : "zhuima.kale", "user" : "kale", "db" : "zhuima", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "a47cb6627c18898317171265eeea47e2" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "zhuima" } ] } >
### 用户管理后记
多用help 类似db.help()
看官方文档,然后把命令都敲一遍
多实践才是王道
## 来一些系统的基本的查看管理命令
### help指令
多用help,你会发现原来世界那么美好
> help db.help() help on db methods db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods sh.help() sharding helpers rs.help() replica set helpers help admin administrative help help connect connecting to a db help help keys key shortcuts help misc misc things to know help mr mapreduce show dbs show database names show collections show collections in current database show users show users in current database show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms show logs show the accessible logger names show log [name] prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default useset current database db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1 it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell exit quit the mongo shell > db.help() DB methods: db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [ just calls db.runCommand(...) ] db.auth(username, password) db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost) db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } ) db.createUser(userDocument) db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db db.dropDatabase() db.eval(func, args) run code server-side db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock() db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname db.getCollectionNames() db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object db.getMongo() get the server connection object db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server db.getName() db.getPrevError() db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold db.getReplicationInfo() db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherited from server object if set db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host db.isMaster() check replica primary status db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db db.listCommands() lists all the db commands db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js db.logout() db.printCollectionStats() db.printReplicationInfo() db.printShardingStatus() db.printSlaveReplicationInfo() db.dropUser(username) db.repairDatabase() db.resetError() db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 } db.serverStatus() db.setProfilingLevel(level, ) 0=off 1=slow 2=all db.setWriteConcern( ) - sets the write concern for writes to the db db.unsetWriteConcern( ) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output db.shutdownServer() db.stats() db.version() current version of the server >
### 查看当前所在数据库位置
第一种方式
> > db.status admin.status >
第二种方式
> db.getName(); admin >
### 当前数据库版本
> db.version() 2.6.3 >
### 查看当前数据库中的包含的集合
> show collections system.indexes system.users system.version
### 删除数据库
切换到该数据库目录下,进行drop操作即可
> show dbs admin 0.078GB local 1.078GB zhuima 0.078GB > use zhuima switched to db zhuima > db.dropDatabase() { "dropped" : "zhuima", "ok" : 1 } > show dbs admin 0.078GB local 1.078GB >
### 查看各collection的状态
> use admin switched to db admin > db.printCollectionStats() system.indexes { "ns" : "admin.system.indexes", "count" : 3, "size" : 336, "avgObjSize" : 112, "storageSize" : 8192, "numExtents" : 1, "nindexes" : 0, "lastExtentSize" : 8192, "paddingFactor" : 1, "systemFlags" : 0, "userFlags" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 0, "indexSizes" : { }, "ok" : 1 } --- system.users { "ns" : "admin.system.users", "count" : 3, "size" : 720, "avgObjSize" : 240, "storageSize" : 8192, "numExtents" : 1, "nindexes" : 2, "lastExtentSize" : 8192, "paddingFactor" : 1, "systemFlags" : 1, "userFlags" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 16352, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 8176, "user_1_db_1" : 8176 }, "ok" : 1 } --- system.version { "ns" : "admin.system.version", "count" : 1, "size" : 48, "avgObjSize" : 48, "storageSize" : 8192, "numExtents" : 1, "nindexes" : 1, "lastExtentSize" : 8192, "paddingFactor" : 1, "systemFlags" : 1, "userFlags" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 8176, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 8176 }, "ok" : 1 } --- >
### 查看collection数据的大小
> db.system.users.dataSize() 720 >
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