HttpClient是Apache HttpComponents项目下的一个组件，是Commons-HttpClient的升级版，两者api调用写法也很类似。文中所使用到的软件版本：Java 1.8.0_191、HttpClient 4.5.10。
1、服务端
参见Java调用Http接口(1)--编写服务端
2、调用Http接口
2.1、GET请求
public static void get() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=李白"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpGet get = new HttpGet(requestPath); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get); System.out.println("GET返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("GET返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Get(requestPath).execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("GET fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } }
2.2、POST请求(发送键值对数据）
public static void post() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); Listlist = new ArrayList (); list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId", "1000")); list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userName", "李白")); post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("POST返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("POST返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .bodyForm(Form.form().add("userId", "1000").add("userName", "李白").build(), Charset.forName("utf-8")) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("POST fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } }
2.3、POST请求(发送JSON数据）
public static void post2() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json"); String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}"; post.setEntity(new StringEntity(param, "utf-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("POST json返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("POST josn返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .addHeader("Content-type", "application/json") .bodyString(param, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("POST json fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } }
2.4、上传文件
public static void upload() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg"); post.setEntity(new InputStreamEntity(fileInputStream)); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("upload返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("upload返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .bodyStream(new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg")) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("upload fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } }
2.5、上传文件及发送键值对数据
public static void multi() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); FileBody file = new FileBody(new File("d:/a.jpg")); HttpEntity requestEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create() .addPart("file", file) .addPart("param1", new StringBody("参数1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .addPart("param2", new StringBody("参数2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .build(); post.setEntity(requestEntity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("multi返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("multi返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .body(MultipartEntityBuilder.create() .addPart("file", file) .addPart("param1", new StringBody("参数1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .addPart("param2", new StringBody("参数2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .build()) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("multi fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } }
2.6、完整例子
package com.inspur.demo.http.client; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Form; import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Request; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.InputStreamEntity; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; /** * 通过HttpClient调用Http接口 */ public class HttpClientCase { /** * GET请求 */ public static void get() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=李白"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpGet get = new HttpGet(requestPath); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get); System.out.println("GET返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("GET返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Get(requestPath).execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("GET fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } } /** * POST请求(发送键值对数据) */ public static void post() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); Listlist = new ArrayList (); list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId", "1000")); list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userName", "李白")); post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("POST返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("POST返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .bodyForm(Form.form().add("userId", "1000").add("userName", "李白").build(), Charset.forName("utf-8")) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("POST fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } } /** * POST请求(发送json数据) */ public static void post2() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json"); String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}"; post.setEntity(new StringEntity(param, "utf-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("POST json返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("POST josn返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .addHeader("Content-type", "application/json") .bodyString(param, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("POST json fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } } /** * 上传文件 */ public static void upload() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg"); post.setEntity(new InputStreamEntity(fileInputStream)); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("upload返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("upload返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .bodyStream(new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg")) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("upload fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } } /** * 上传文件及发送键值对数据 */ public static void multi() { String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi"; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath); FileBody file = new FileBody(new File("d:/a.jpg")); HttpEntity requestEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create() .addPart("file", file) .addPart("param1", new StringBody("参数1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .addPart("param2", new StringBody("参数2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .build(); post.setEntity(requestEntity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); System.out.println("multi返回状态：" + response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("multi返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity)); //流畅api调用 String result = Request.Post(requestPath) .body(MultipartEntityBuilder.create() .addPart("file", file) .addPart("param1", new StringBody("参数1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .addPart("param2", new StringBody("参数2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8"))) .build()) .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8")); System.out.println("multi fluent返回结果：" + result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); } } private static void close(CloseableHttpClient httpClient) { try { if (httpClient != null) { httpClient.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { get(); post(); post2(); upload(); multi(); } }
3、调用Https接口
与调用Http接口不一样的部分主要在设置ssl部分，下面用GET请求来演示ssl的设置，其他调用方式类似。
package com.inspur.demo.http.client; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.security.KeyStore; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder; import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import com.inspur.demo.common.util.FileUtil; /** * 通过HttpClient调用Https接口 */ public class HttpClientHttpsCase { public static void main(String[] args) { CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; CloseableHttpClient httpClient2 = null; try { String requestPath = "https://x.x.x.x:9010/x"; // 不需要客户端证书 SSLConnectionSocketFactory factory = getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(); httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(factory).build(); HttpGet get = new HttpGet(requestPath); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get); System.out.println("GET(不需要证书)返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); String requestPath2 = "https://x.x.x.x:9016/x"; // 需要客户端证书 SSLConnectionSocketFactory factory2 = getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(getkeyStore("d:/client.p12", "123"), "123"); httpClient2 = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(factory2).build(); HttpGet get2 = new HttpGet(requestPath2); CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpClient2.execute(get2); System.out.println("GET(需要证书)返回结果：" + EntityUtils.toString(response2.getEntity())); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(httpClient); close(httpClient2); } } public static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(KeyStore keyStore, String password) throws Exception { SSLContextBuilder bulider = SSLContexts.custom(); if (keyStore != null) { bulider.loadKeyMaterial(keyStore, password.toCharArray()); } bulider.loadTrustMaterial(new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()); SSLContext sslContext = bulider.build(); SSLConnectionSocketFactory factory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null, NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE); return factory; } public static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSSLConnectionSocketFactory() throws Exception { return getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(null, null); } private static KeyStore getkeyStore(String filePath, String password) { KeyStore keySotre = null; FileInputStream in = null; try { keySotre = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12"); in = new FileInputStream(new File(filePath)); keySotre.load(in, password.toCharArray()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { FileUtil.close(in); } return keySotre; } private static void close(CloseableHttpClient httpClient) { try { if (httpClient != null) { httpClient.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }