根据阿里巴巴开发手册规范
【强制】线程池不允许使用 Executors 去创建，而是通过 ThreadPoolExecutor 的方式，这样 的处理方式让写的同学更加明确线程池的运行规则，规避资源耗尽的风险。
说明：Executors 返回的线程池对象的弊端如下：
1）FixedThreadPool 和 SingleThreadPool: 允许的请求队列长度为 Integer.MAX_VALUE，可能会堆积大量的请求，从而导致 OOM。
2）CachedThreadPool 和 ScheduledThreadPool: 允许的创建线程数量为 Integer.MAX_VALUE，可能会创建大量的线程，从而导致 OOM。
ThreadPoolExecutor来自于current包，看下ThreadPoolExecutor的4个构造
ublic ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue);
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory);
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue,RejectedExecutionHandler handler);
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory,RejectedExecutionHandler handler);
其中看下最大参数的构造的源码
/**
* Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial
* parameters.
*
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
* if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set
* @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the
* pool
* @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than
* the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads
* will wait for new tasks before terminating.
* @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument
* @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are
* executed. This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable}
* tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method.
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
* creates a new thread
* @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked
* because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:
* {@code corePoolSize < 0}
* {@code keepAliveTime < 0}
* {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}
* {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue}
* or {@code threadFactory} or {@code handler} is null
*/
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueueworkQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
我们可以根据4个构造定义4个线程池
1、newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
2、newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。
3、newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。
4、newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。
其中线程池的工作队列也分四种：
1. ArraryBlockingQueue:数组的有界阻塞队列，先进先出（Fisrt In First Out）。
2. LinkedBlockingQueue:链表的阻塞队列，先进先出（First In First Out）,吞吐量高于ArrayBlockingQueue; Executors中newFixedThreadPool使用的此队列。
3. SynchronousQueue: 不存储元素的阻塞队列。每次插入操作需要等另外一个线程调用移除操作，否则插入操作处于阻塞状态，吞吐量高于LinkedBlockingQueue。Executors中的cacheThreadPool使用此队列。
4. PriorityBlockingQueue:一个具有优先级的无限阻塞队列；不常用
线程池的最优大小配置：(从网上看到好多种方式)
最佳线程数目 = （线程等待时间与线程CPU时间之比 + 1）* CPU数目
如果线程满了，最好的就是用户自定义拒绝策略，其方法是实现RejectedExecutionHandler，自定义策略模式。