刻意练习 PEAK(二)

八月英文原版书阅读计划  图/Eric

Part 1:Words and Sentences

in a nutshell

This is naive practice in a nutshell: I just played it.

meaning：in a very brief statement

nutshell 本身有坚果的意思 （the hard outer shell of a nut）

可以用在文章的结尾处表示总结，可替换词有：To sum up，In conclusion，In a word，In brief，On the whole，In short

banner

This will be a banner day!

noun: a large strip of cloth with a design, picture, or writing on it 

E.g : Banners were carried by members of each group marching in the parade.

adjective: unusually good

E.g.: The team has a banner season last year.

Part 2:My Thoughts

有目的练习意味着你有一个可实行的目标，具体来说，你可以将你一个大目标拆分成多个短期小目标：在学习Python的时候，首先入门基础知识，然后根据老师的建议，细化每天完成的任务和学习目标，从而实现可执行的目标设定。

再者，你需要将你所有的精力集中在一件事情上，不要受其他事物打扰，一个极高的专注力。在训练的过程中，需要一个及时的反馈，当然这是一个准确的feedback！当你收到很多正反馈的时候，你的行动力也随之提高。

最后，你要有一个跳出舒适区的决心。对于一个你长期从事或者熟悉的事物，你是很难以从一个新的角度去想问题，发现困难的。这个得通过克服自己的内心，有一个好的引导以及极大的行动力或者执行力。

有目的练习也并非万能的，它有一定的局限性。它会要求你对这一领域已有基本认识，而不是完全新手入门，一窍不通的。

Part 3:Summary

“Naive practice,” which is essentially just doing something repeatedly, and expecting that the repetition alone will improve one’s performance.

Purposeful practice is, as the term implies, much more purposeful, thoughtful, and focused than this sort of naive practice.

Purposeful practice is all about putting a bunch of baby steps together to reach a longer-term goal.

The key thing is to take that general goal—get better—and turn it into something specific that you can work on with a realistic expectation of improvement.

You seldom improve much without giving the task your full attention.

Generally speaking, no matter what you’re trying to do, you need feedback to identify exactly where and how you are falling short. Without feedback—either from yourself or from outside observers—you cannot figure out what you need to improve on or how close you are to achieving your goals.

This is a fundamental truth about any sort of practice: If you never push yourself beyond your comfort zone, you will never improve.

That is a recipe for stagnation, not improvement.

Generally the solution is not “try harder” but rather “try differently.”

Meaningful positive feedback is one of the crucial factors in maintaining motivation.

Get outside your comfort zone but do it in a focused way, with clear goals, a plan for reaching those goals, and a way to monitor your progress. Oh, and figure out a way to maintain your motivation.

This recipe is an excellent start for anyone who wishes to improve—but it is still just a start.

One particular approach to practice and training has proven to be the most powerful and effective way to improve one’s abilities in every area that has been studied. This approach is deliberate practice, and we will describe it in detail shortly.