MySQL优化之profile

分析SQL执行带来的开销是优化SQL的重要手段。在MySQL数据库中,可以通过配置profiling参数来启用SQL剖析。该参数可以在全局和session级别来设置。对于全局级别则作用于整个MySQL实例,而session级别紧影响当前session。该参数开启后,后续执行的SQL语句都将记录其资源开销,诸如IO,上下文切换,CPU,Memory等等。根据这些开销进一步分析当前SQL瓶颈从而进行优化与调整。

 

 

注意:MySQL5.0.37版本以上支持PROFILING调试功能,但是因为它需要调用系统的getrusage函数(用于获取进程资源使用量),所以只是在Linux/Unix类平台上才能使用,并且PROFILING是针对处理进程(process)而不是线程(thread)的;服务器上的其他应用,比如说服务器负载不同,MySQL的响应速度、IO效率等可能不同,从而导致PROFILING结果不同(即便是对同一条SQL语句),因此,这个工具适合开发过程中的调试,如果要在生产环境中调试使用,则要注意它的局限性。

 

1、获取你的MySQL服务器版本

[shusheng@localhost ~]$ mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.60, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.1

2、查看profiling系统变量 

mysql> show variables like '%profil%';  
+------------------------+-------+  
| Variable_name          | Value |  
+------------------------+-------+  
| have_profiling         | YES   |   --只读变量,用于控制是否由系统变量开启或禁用profiling(我还不确定这项是否只出现特定版本或者需要设置)  
| profiling              | OFF   |   --开启SQL语句剖析功能(开启之后应为ON)  
| profiling_history_size | 15    |   --设置保留profiling的数目,缺省为15,范围为0至100,为0时将禁用profiling  
+------------------------+-------+  

 

3、来查看是否已经启用profile

mysql> select @@PROFILING;
+-------------+
| @@PROFILING |
+-------------+
| 0 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

如果profiling值为0,可以通过

SET profiling = 1;

来启用。启用profiling之后,我们执行一条查询语句,比如:

mysql> SELECT * FROM mysql.user;

然后show profiles查看如下:

mysql> show profiles;
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration | Query |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| 1 | 0.00015400 | select @@PROFILING |
| 2 | 0.00160000 | SELECT * FROM mysql.user |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

其中ID为2的语句是刚执行的查询语句,profiles文件只会记录当前session并且profile打开之后的SQL语句。

 

4、获取profile的帮助(常见的参数选项); 
 

mysql> help profile;  
Name: 'SHOW PROFILE'  
Description:  
Syntax:  
SHOW PROFILE [type [, type] ... ]  
    [FOR QUERY n]  
    [LIMIT row_count [OFFSET offset]]  
  
type:  
  | ALL                --显示所有的开销信息  
  | BLOCK IO           --显示块IO相关开销  
  | CONTEXT SWITCHES   --上下文切换相关开销  
  | CPU                --显示CPU相关开销信息  
  | IPC                --显示发送和接收相关开销信息  
  | MEMORY             --显示内存相关开销信息  
  | PAGE FAULTS        --显示页面错误相关开销信息  
  | SOURCE             --显示和Source_function,Source_file,Source_line相关的开销信息  
  | SWAPS              --显示交换次数相关开销的信息  

注意:上面的的命令help命令,在你的系统里显示出来的结果不一定和上面相同,可能是版本的原因,不必深究。

 

5、利用profile获取SQL语句的开销信息

注意:

(1)show profile之类的语句不会被profiling,即自身不会产生Profiling 
(2)变量profiling是用户变量,每次都得重新启用(session退出之后,profiling会被自动关闭 )。
下面是profile的常用功能:

登陆到数据库(schema)
mysql> use test Database changed

开启profile mysql> set profiling=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
现在开始执行需要测试的SQL语句,MySQL数据库将会记录想关的调试信息

mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------------+
| account |
| branch |
+----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM account;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
| 24 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


显示当前所有已经记录的PROFILES:

mysql> SHOW PROFILES;
+----------+------------+------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration | Query |
+----------+------------+------------------------------+
| 1 | 0.00100800 | SHOW TABLES |
| 2 | 0.00021700 | SELECT COUNT(*) FROM account |
+----------+------------+------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


获取指定查询的开销,对应上面profiles中的Query_ID:
mysql> SHOW PROFILE FOR QUERY 2;
+--------------------+----------+
| Status             | Duration |
+--------------------+----------+
| starting           | 0.000078 |
| Opening tables     | 0.000031 |
| System lock        | 0.000015 |
| Table lock         | 0.000010 |
| init               | 0.000012 |
| optimizing         | 0.000019 |
| executing          | 0.000022 |
| end                | 0.000006 |
| query end          | 0.000003 |
| freeing items      | 0.000014 |
| logging slow query | 0.000003 |
| cleaning up        | 0.000004 |
+--------------------+----------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 


其他的一些具体的参数:
mysql> SHOW PROFILE BLOCK IO, CPU FOR QUERY 2;
+--------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status             | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+--------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting           | 0.000078 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Opening tables     | 0.000031 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| System lock        | 0.000015 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| Table lock         | 0.000010 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| init               | 0.000012 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| optimizing         | 0.000019 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| executing          | 0.000022 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| end                | 0.000006 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| query end          | 0.000003 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| freeing items      | 0.000014 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000003 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
| cleaning up        | 0.000004 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |            0 |             0 |
+--------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

下面的SQL语句用于查询query_id为2的SQL开销,且按最大耗用时间倒序排列 
mysql> set @query_id=2; 
 
mysql> SELECT STATE, SUM(DURATION) AS Total_R, 
    ->   ROUND( 
    ->        100 * SUM(DURATION) / 
    ->           (SELECT SUM(DURATION) 
    ->            FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROFILING 
    ->            WHERE QUERY_ID = @query_id 
    ->        ), 2) AS Pct_R, 
    ->     COUNT(*) AS Calls, 
    ->     SUM(DURATION) / COUNT(*) AS "R/Call" 
    ->  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROFILING 
    ->  WHERE QUERY_ID = @query_id 
    ->  GROUP BY STATE 
    ->  ORDER BY Total_R DESC;  

 结果如下: 

+--------------------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+
| STATE              | Total_R  | Pct_R | Calls | R/Call       |
+--------------------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+
| starting           | 0.000078 | 35.94 |     1 | 0.0000780000 |
| Opening tables     | 0.000031 | 14.29 |     1 | 0.0000310000 |
| executing          | 0.000022 | 10.14 |     1 | 0.0000220000 |
| optimizing         | 0.000019 |  8.76 |     1 | 0.0000190000 |
| System lock        | 0.000015 |  6.91 |     1 | 0.0000150000 |
| freeing items      | 0.000014 |  6.45 |     1 | 0.0000140000 |
| init               | 0.000012 |  5.53 |     1 | 0.0000120000 |
| Table lock         | 0.000010 |  4.61 |     1 | 0.0000100000 |
| end                | 0.000006 |  2.76 |     1 | 0.0000060000 |
| cleaning up        | 0.000004 |  1.84 |     1 | 0.0000040000 |
| query end          | 0.000003 |  1.38 |     1 | 0.0000030000 |
| logging slow query | 0.000003 |  1.38 |     1 | 0.0000030000 |
+--------------------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+
12 rows in set (0.03 sec)

开启profiling后,我们可以通过show profile等方式查看,其实质是这些开销信息被记录到information_schema.profiling表 
如下面的查询,部分信息省略 
mysql> SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROFILING LIMIT 3,3\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           QUERY_ID: 1
                SEQ: 4
              STATE: System lock
           DURATION: 0.000004
           CPU_USER: 0.000000
         CPU_SYSTEM: 0.000000
  CONTEXT_VOLUNTARY: 0
CONTEXT_INVOLUNTARY: 0
       BLOCK_OPS_IN: 0
      BLOCK_OPS_OUT: 0
      MESSAGES_SENT: 0
  MESSAGES_RECEIVED: 0
  PAGE_FAULTS_MAJOR: 0
  PAGE_FAULTS_MINOR: 0
              SWAPS: 0
    SOURCE_FUNCTION: unknown function
        SOURCE_FILE: lock.cc
        SOURCE_LINE: 260

停止profile,可以设置profiling参数,或者在session退出之后,profiling会被自动关闭 
mysql> set profiling=off; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)      

 

现在我也只是具体用了这么点,在具体生产环境里,怎么利用它来优化MySQL(SQL执行)、找出具体的SQL优化方案,有待进一步学习。

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