MySQL-MMM高可用
MMM简介
MMM（Master-Master replication manager for MySQL,MySQL主主复制管理器），是一套支持双主故障切换和双主日常管理的脚本程序。这套脚本程序中主要包含几个组件：
1、mmm_mon:监控进程，负责所有的监控工作，决定和处理所有节点角色活动。此脚本需要在监管机上运行。
2、mmm_agent:运行在每个MySQL服务器上的代理进程，完成监控的探针工作和执行简单的远程服务设置。此脚本需要在被监管机上运行。
3、mmm_control:一个简单的脚本，提供管理mmm_mond进程的命令。
mysql_mmm的监管端会提供多个虚拟IP（VIP），包括一个可写VIP，多个可读VIP，通过监管的管理，这些IP会绑定在可用MySQL之上，在当某一台MySQL宕机时，监管会将VIP迁移至其他MySQL。
实验环境
| 主机 | IP地址 |
|---|---|
| mysql-m1主服务器 | 192.168.58.131 |
| mysql-m2主服务器 | 192.168.58.136 |
| mysql-m3从服务器 | 192.168.58.146 |
| mysql-m4从服务器 | 192.168.58.147 |
| mysql-monitor监视代理服务器 | 192.168.58.148 |
实验过程
搭建MySQL多主多从模式
1、在四台MySQL服务器上，都安装MySQL，过程省略
2、配置ALI云源，然后安装epel-rlease源，为了下面安装mysql-mmm工具套件。
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache3、配置修改m1主配置文件。
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err #配置错误日志
log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log #配置常用日志
log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log #配置慢日志
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema #配置不需要记录二进制日志的数据库
character_set_server=utf8 #配置字符集
log_bin=mysql_bin #开启binlog日志用于主从数据复制
server_id=1 #每台server-id的值不能一样
log_slave_updates=true #此数据库宕机，备用数据库接管
sync_binlog=1 #允许同步二进制日志
auto_increment_increment=2 #字段依次递增多少
auto_increment_offset=1 #自增字段的起始值：1、3、5等奇数ID配置没问题后，把配置文件复制到另外一台主服务器
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf [email protected]:/etc/4、配置mysql-m1、mysql-m2主主模式
首先查看log bin日志和pos值的位置。
[root@localhost1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1065
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000002 | 107 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1065
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000002 | 107 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)然后，mysql-m1、mysql-m2互相提升访问权限。
mysql-m1
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.136',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;
mysql-m2
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;最后分别查看mysql-m1、mysql-m2服务器的主从状态,主要查看
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes。
MySQL [(none)]> start slave;
MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.58.131
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000012
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes说明主主同步配置成功。
测试主主同步，在mysql-m1新建一个库test01
mysql-m1
MySQL [(none)]> create database test01;
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| bbs |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test01 |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.22 sec)
mysql-m2 #测试成功
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test01 |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.22 sec)5、配置myqsl-m3、mysql-m4作为mysql-m1的从库。
首先将mysql-m1上的/etc/my.cnf文件，复制到myqsl-m3、mysql-m4两台服务器上。
mysql-m1
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf [email protected]:/etc/
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf [email protected]:/etc/查看mysql-m1中数据库的状态值。
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000002 | 107 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)在mysql-m3、mysql-m4上分别执行。
mysql-m3
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;
mysql-m4
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.58.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',master_log_pos=107;分别查看mysql-m3、mysql-m4服务器的主从状态，如下所示。
MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.58.131
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000012
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes安装配置MySQL-MMM
CentOS默认没有mysql-mmm软件包，由于之前我们epel官方源已经安装好，在五台主机上都要安装MMM
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*安装完后，对MMM进行配置
[root@localhost mongodb1]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
cluster_interface ens33 #网卡名称
……
replication_user replication
replication_password 123456
agent_user mmm_agent
agent_password 123456
ip 192.168.58.131
mode master
peer db2
ip 192.168.58.136
mode master
peer db1
ip 192.168.58.146
mode slave
ip 192.168.58.147
mode slave
hosts db1, db2
ips 192.168.58.100
mode exclusive
hosts db3, db4
ips 192.168.58.200, 192.168.58.210
mode balanced
#将配置文件复制到其他几台数据库服务器对应的目录下
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf [email protected]:/etc/mysql-mmm/ 在作为monitor服务器的终端上配置
cd /etc/mysql-mmm/ #改密码
vim mmm_mon.conf
monitor_user mmm_monitor
monitor_password 123456
在所有数据库上为mmm_agent授权
MySQL [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
#为mmm_agent授权在所有数据库上为mmm_moniter授权
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.58.%' identified by '123456';
#为mmm_monitor授权
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges
#刷新权限设置修改所有数据库的mmm_agent.conf
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
# The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires
# that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the
# proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.
this db1 #分别在四台数据库服务器上设置为db1,db2,db3,db4
~ 在所有数据库服务器上启动mysql-mmm-agent
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service
#启动mmm-agent服务
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service
#设置mmm-agent服务开机启动在monitor服务器上配置
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# cd /etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_mon.conf
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.58.131,192.168.58.136,192.168.58.146,192.168.58.147
#指定监管的服务器IP地址
auto_set_online 10
# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
# throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host
# Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
#
# kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
#
monitor_user mmm_monitor #设置监管账户
monitor_password 123456 #设置监管密码
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service #启动mysql-mmm-monitor
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show #查看节点运行情况
db1(192.168.58.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.58.100)
db2(192.168.58.136) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.58.146) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.58.200)
db4(192.168.58.147) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.58.210)当我们把mysql-m3的mysql服务停掉以后，对应的VIP会自动绑定到mysql-m4上
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.58.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.58.100)
db2(192.168.58.136) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.58.146) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles:
db4(192.168.58.147) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.58.210)(192.168.58.200)